<p>The Emmanuel Episcopal Church in San Angelo, Texas is a historic church located at 3 S. Randolph. The church was founded in 1885–87. Its building was built in 1929 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>It is an ashlar stone faced church with a Gothic arch entry. The stone was recycled from the former Tom Green County courthouse, demolished in 1927.</p><br>
<p>An education wing was added in 1950 and was later extended, with compatible materials and styling.</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian is a historic Presbyterian church in San Angelo, Texas. It was built in 1906 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988, part of the San Angelo Multiple Resources Area. The building is also a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The First Presbyterian Church of San Angelo was organized in a meeting chaired by Presbyterian missionary J.H. Zivley on 1 February 1885. The congregation&#39;s first years were fruitful; in 1887, it purchased three lots on Irving Street for $500. On that site, they commissioned local architect Oscar Ruffini to build a church for $1,100.</p><br>
<p>A sanctuary and school were commissioned in 1906 from the L.B. Valk Architectural Company. The work was completed in 1908 at a cost of $40,000. The tower was reduced in height from 1925 to 1956.</p><br>
<h3>Preservation</h3><br>
<p>The church was nominated for the National Register of Historic Places by the state of Texas on 4 October 1988. The nomination was accepted on 25 November 1988, and First Presbyterian was made the 14th property in the San Angelo Multiple Resources Area.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>First Presbyterian stands at 32 North Irving Street in downtown San Angelo, across the street from City Hall.</p><br>
<p>The church is built of brick, with stone ornament, in an Eclectic style. The plan is cruciform, with a tower at the west end, beside the entrance. That entrance is elevated above the sidewalk by a set of stairs. The façade is formed by three round arches for the entryway, each separated by brick pilasters. These pilasters rise all the way to the top of the parapet gable and end with a finial. Above each doorway is a window, the middle of which is a rose window rising from a stone pediment above the central doorway. The tower has three stories and ends with a Romanesque-style corbel table and a four-sided pyramidal roof. As originally planned and constructed, the tower was topped with a steeple.</p><br>
<p>Gethsemane Lutheran Church is a historic Lutheran church in downtown Austin, Texas. It is designated as a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places along with the neighboring Luther Hall. The building currently houses the offices of the Texas Historical Commission.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first Swedish Lutheran Church in Austin began meeting in 1868. In late 1882, the Swedish Lutherans decided to build a new meeting place near the Texas State Capitol grounds. Construction was completed the following year, and the congregation occupied the building. A second structure, named Luther Hall, was built adjacent to the main building in 1940 to provide additional meeting and activity space. The congregation relocated to a new space in 1961, after which the facility was purchased by the State of Texas and became part of the State Capitol Complex.</p><br>
<p>After the Lutheran congregation left the church in 1961, community members began advocating for the historical preservation of the structure. The church was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1962, and the sanctuary was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 25, 1970. The NRHP listing was later expanded to include neighboring Luther Hall on December 23, 2004.</p><br>
<p>The facility was renovated and restored between 1970 and 1971 to serve as office, library, and museum space for the Texas Historical Commission. It operates alongside the nearby Carrington–Covert House. Since 1998, the sanctuary has housed the THCs library, while Luther Hall provides office space for the commissions History Programs Division.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Gethsemane Lutheran Church sanctuary building is a rectangular two-story hall constructed of tan brick atop a limestone foundation and basement, with a gray pressed tin roof. It features a square bell tower and steeple that rises an additional story from the center front. Designed in the Gothic Revival style, the building includes brick buttresses, cornices, and tall lancet windows with brick hood moulds. The church was designed by architect August Swenson and built by Fredric Reichow, with S. A. Carlson serving as contractor.</p><br>
<p>The sanctuary building has a rectangular plan oriented east-to-west, with the main facade and tower on the east and an apse on the west. The main entrance, located at the base of the projecting steeple, features a Gothic arch with a stained-glass transom window above paneled wood double doors. The second level of the tower features a stained-glass lancet window and is topped by a cornice. Above the cornice, a hipped roof narrows the tower into an octagonal Carpenter Gothic cupola and belfry, which is topped by a conical roof with a cross-shaped finial.</p><br>
<p>The north and south faces of the building each display five parallel stained-glass lancet windows separated by brick buttresses. The entrance arch and all the windows include brick hood moulds. The exterior bricks of the building were salvaged from the ruins of the second (1852) Texas State Capitol, which burned in 1881. Additionally, the main doors were salvaged from the University of Texas at Austin&#39;s Old Main building when it was demolished in the 1930s to make way for the current Main Building.</p><br>
<h3>Luther Hall</h3><br>
<p>Luther Hall is a two-story rectangular building constructed of brick and limestone on a concrete foundation, situated immediately to the west of the sanctuary. The hall was designed in a Modern Movement style, characterized by its simple, symmetrical lines. The main facade features a recessed entry with double doors and a transom (similar to the sanctuary&#39;s main entry), beneath a stepped parapet adorned with a medallion representing the coat of arms of Martin Luther.</p><br>
<p>The Sterling Opera House is located in Derby, Connecticut, at 112 Elizabeth Street, across from the Derby Green. The building is located within the Birmingham Green Historic District which comprises a total of 10 buildings, 3 of which are churches, and 4 monuments. The building was constructed in 1889 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 8, 1968, making it the first building in Connecticut to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Sterling Opera House served multiple municipal purposes as a city hall and police station as well as an opera house when it opened on April 2, 1889. It is named for Charles A. Sterling, founder the former Derby-based Sterling Piano Company Following the closing of the public entertainment portion of the building in 1945 the city continued to use the building as a city hall and police station until 1965.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On April 2, 1889, the doors of the Sterling Opera House were opened to the public. It was designed by Italianate Victorian style architect H. Edwards Ficken, who also was co-designer of the famous Carnegie Hall located in Manhattan, New York. The auditorium was used for hundreds of shows and live musical performances in its day. In fact, many world-famous performers such as Harry Houdini and Red Skelton took the stage at Sterling. Shows were held up until 1945 when the curtain closed for the last time. The Sterling Opera House was also later recognized as a historic place with historic value when it became the first building in Connecticut to be added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 8, 1968.</p><br>
<p>The first showing at the opera house was created by James A. Herne, called "Drifting Apart", and was said that it was "a melodramatic temperance play without the traditional didactic sermons preaching the evils of drink." It also turned out to be a financial failure for James A. Herne. The name of the play was more fitting for the relationship between Derby and Ansonia at the time. Ansonia saw no point in having another opera house be built when they already had a perfectly good one in their town. Brought on by the play, there became drama outside of the building which had a hand in helping the two cities separate.</p><br>
<p>The last showing at the Sterling Opera House was "Ye Olde Time Minstrel." It was presented by the Lafayette Mens and Womens Club in honor of the returning soldiers of WWII. It showed on November 30-December 1, 1945. After, it had no regularly scheduled program for ten years, though there were special performances before it closed in 1965.</p><br>
<h2>Interior layout</h2><br>
<p>The Sterling Opera house was built with a combination of architectural styles in order to appeal to composer Richard Swagner. The seating was arranged so that all viewers in the opera house to had an un-obstructed view of the stage. One of the architects to work on the Sterling Opera House designed the lower levels and exterior, while Ficken mostly worked on the roof top, doorways and interior walls. Another notable feature are the piano boxes, that were located on either side of the stage to fit two of the opera house&#39;s namesake Sterling Pianos.</p><br>
<h2>Paranormal activity/claims</h2><br>
<p>Sterling, in fact, was the setting of an investigation in a 2011 episode of Ghost Hunters. Many people claim to have seen un-explainable things such shadow figures, orbs of light and objects moving on their own. Even though there are no tragic stories of deaths that occurred there, it is believed that the spirit of Charles Sterling, the man who the structure was named after, may be lurking the building in the afterlife. Some experiences of paranormal activity in the opera house have been people seeing and hearing a little boy playing with a soccer ball up in the balcony seats. This spirit apparently likes to be called Andy. There are in fact soccer balls and other toys scattered across the building and they have been said to move from place to place and disappear. What was once a place of entertainment and joy is now one of the "spookiest" buildings in Connecticut.</p><br>
<h2>Notable performers</h2><br>
<p>There were many famous people who performed at the opera house including Harry Houdini, Amelia Earhart, Lionel Barrymore, as well as John L. Sullivan who was Simon Legree in a showing of Uncle Toms Cabin. The filmmaker D.W. Griffith showed his movie The Birth of a Nation at the venue. Amelia Earhart was brought to the opera house by the Womens Club on March 16, 1936, and told of her amazing flying adventures./&gt</p><br>
<h2>Plans for the future</h2><br>
<p>The Sterling Opera House has been abandoned for almost 50 years, and is in need of restoration. Peeling paint, broken windows and rusted metal are merely a few of the problems that have worsened over the years and will need to be fixed. The town of Derby wants to see that this happens as soon as possible. In September 2011, a plan revealed by the town government showed what the plans would be to fix up the old Sterling Opera House. This plan is very costly however, and is estimated to be between $3–4 million. USA Representative Rosa DeLauro received a grant for $150,000 to go towards cleaning up the interior. Future plans include tours to showcase the building, and to also make it the town&#39;s city hall once again.</p><br>
<p>The Salem School is a historic school building at 124 Meadow Street in Naugatuck, Connecticut. It is a 2-1/2 story brick Renaissance Revival structure, designed by McKim, Mead & White and built in 1893. It is one of a group of buildings on the Naugatuck Green designed by the firm, and one of only two school buildings in Connecticut designed by the firm . The school  were commissioned by a local industrialist, John Howard Whittemore. The schoolhouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 3, 1983. It presently serves as a district school serving kindergarten through fourth grades.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>The Salem School is located in downtown Naugatuck, occupying a prominent position facing the west end of Naugatuck Green across Meadow Street. It is a 2-1/2 story masonry structure, with a main mass covered by a gabled roof, a pair of projecting hip-roofed pavilions, and two-story wings extending to either side. The basement level is finished in rusticated brownstone, while the upper levels are finished in red brick. Stylistically the building has Renaissance Revival features, including rounded arches over the entrances and attic-level windows, stone banding between the floors, and a cornice with dentil moulding between the second floor and attic level.</p><br>
<p>The school is the third to stand on the same site. The first was a one-room district frame schoolhouse built in 1773, and the second was an Italianate structure built in 1852. The citys significant growth in the late 19th century led to the need for a larger school. The present building was funded by John Howard Whittemore, an industrialist whose businesses were partly responsible for the citys growth. The schools design is attributed to William Rutherford Mead of McKim, Mead & White, and it was built by the H. Wales Lines Company, a local contractor, for $71,000. The design was apparently an echo of the citys former city hall, which also featured red brick construction and an ornate Victorian exterior (that building was demolished in the 1970s). McKim, Mead & White also designed another school for the city, as well as the Congregational church (1902) and the public library (1891).</p><br>
<p>The John Rogers House is a historic house at 690 Leete&#39;s Island Road in Branford, Connecticut, United States. It is a -story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a side-gable roof, a large central chimney, and a center entry sheltered by a bracketed hood. Long thought to have been built c. 1810, it has been carefully researched to date to the middle 18th century, belonging for many years to the locally prominent Rogers family. The John Rogers House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. Portions of the content on this web page were adapted from a copy of the original Connecticut Historical Commission, Historic Resources Inventory documentation.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The John Rogers House, located at 690 Leetes Island Road in the Route 146 Historic District, was constructed on a rectangular plan with its ridge parallel to the street. The house has a steeply pitched roof with minimal overhang at the cornice. Small dentil, moldings are featured below the cornice. Its brick center chimney straddles the ridge. It has a nine-window facade and a five-window gable. Windows have twelve-over-twelve sash except the attic window which has six-over-six sash. Its entry door is protected by a gabled hood with an arched ceiling, supported on large curvilinear brackets.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the house, there is a 1 ½ - story three-bay eave-entry bank barn. The ridge line of the barn runs north–south while its south gable-end faces Leetes Island Road that runs at an angle from the southwest to the northeast. The three-bay west eave-side of the barn is the main façade with the main entrance in the first bay from the north through a hinged pass-through door. The original entrance to the barn appears to be through a double-height wagon door entrance spanning the entire length of the first bay from the north as evident from the markings on the siding. The grade level along the west eave-façade of the barn gradually declines towards the south revealing the un-coursed mortared field stone masonry of the bank level. The low grade level along the main façade wraps the barn around the south gable-end to form the bank level which has two open bays. The gable attic lined by fascia board is separated from the rest of the gable-end by a distinct dropped girt siding divide line. The grade level along the three-bay east eave-side of the barn gradually rises towards the north along the un-coursed un-mortared field stone masonry of the bank. The east eave-side of the barn has an entrance off-centered towards the north through a hinged pass-through door and appears to have originally at least two window openings towards the south as suggested by the markings on the siding. The north gable-end of the barn has two six-pane windows with trim at the first-floor level. The gable attic lined by fascia board is separated from the rest of the gable-end by a distinct dropped girt siding divide line.</p><br>
<h2>Historical significance</h2><br>
<p>The John Rogers House was recorded on the WPA survey and dated 1810-15 by Elmer D. Keith. However, a well-researched and documented account of the house by David and Ann Clark puts the date of construction between 1750 and 1760. The house has had a marker on it for many years dating it 1765, but there does not appear to be any evidence to support this date.</p><br>
<p>The John Rogers House, a well-preserved and researched New England Colonial house, provides a significant architectural record of rural life in this eastern section of Branford in the mid-eighteenth century. It is historically significant for its association with the Rogers family, a family whose history in Branford goes back to the earliest period of settlement. It is a well-documented example in Branford&#39;s collection of colonial houses.</p><br>
<p>The Hezekiah Palmer House is historic house at 340-408 Leete&#39;s Island Road in Branford, Connecticut. Probably built in the early 19th century, it is an uncommonly late example in the town of colonial Georgian architecture. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 1, 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hezekiah Palmer House is located in eastern Branford village of Stony Creek, on the east side of Leete&#39;s Island Road just north of its junction with Stony Brook Road and Thimble Island Road. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a side-gable roof, large central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. It has a rear leanto section giving it a classic New England saltbox appearance. The main facade is five bays wide, with sash windows arranged symmetrically around the entrance. The main entrance is framed by sidelight windows and pilasters, which support an entablature with cornice.</p><br>
<p>The house has traditionally been given a construction date of 1830, based on the carving of that number on one of its main beams. Land records suggest that it was built sometime before 1830 by James Palmer, whose son Hezekiah is recorded as its owner in 1852. Its transitional Colonial/Greek Revival styling and construction methods suggest an earlier date.</p><br>
<p>The Osborne Homestead is a two-story colonial revival house located in Osbornedale State Park, in the Derby Neck section of the city of Derby, Connecticut. The homestead is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is operated as a museum by the State of Connecticut. It is significant for being the home of Frances Osborne Kellogg, a proponent for equal professional opportunities for women in Connecticut.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was originally built as a farm house in 1840 in the Greek revival style. Little is known about the first occupants. In 1867, Wilbur Osborne, who owned and ran several industries in Derby, Ansonia and Bridgeport, and his wife, Ellen Lucy Davis, moved to the house. The couple ran a dairy farm in the surrounding land. Their sole surviving daughter, Frances, took over after her father&#39;s death and became a prominent businesswoman &ndash; president of the Union Fabric Co., vice president of Connecticut Clasp, treasurer of the F. Kelly Company, and a founding partner of Steels and Busks, Ltd. Of Leicester, England. She married Waldo Stewart Kellogg in 1919, and he took charge of the dairy, using selective breeding to make the herd "famous throughout New England for quality milk production." Waldo Kellogg enlarged and remodeled the house to its current form between 1919 and 1925.</p><br>
<p>Waldo Kellogg died in 1928 but Frances stayed in the house until her death in 1956. Just before she died, she deeded her entire 350 acre estate, including Osbornedale, to the State of Connecticut.</p><br>
<p>The state now operates the house and grounds as the Osborne Homestead Museum; the surrounding land comprises Osbornedale State Park.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 13, 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Kraus Corset Factory is a historic industrial property at 33 Roosevelt Drive in Derby, Connecticut, United States. The oldest portion of the large brick building, built in 1879, faces Third Street, while a c. 1910 addition extends along Roosevelt Drive. It is the only major building to survive from Derbys period of corset manufacturing. It was built by Sidney Downs, one of Derbys leading businessmen of the period. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 12, 1987. It has been converted into apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Kraus Corset Factory is located adjacent to downtown Derby, extending mainly along Roosevelt Drive (Connecticut Route 34) northwest of Third Street. The factory is composed of two structures, the main 1879 block, and the c. 1910 addition. The main block is built of brick and is three stories in height, with nine bays facing Third Street and ten facing Roosevelt. The windows are set in segmented-arch openings, with stone sills. Shed-roof dormers project from the roof faces. The addition is a wood-frame structure, also three stories in height, but with a fully-exposed basement level facing the street.</p><br>
<p>The factorys main block was built in 1879 by Sidney Downs, a prominent local businessman who had previously engaged in other corset-making partnerships. He leased this factory to Leopold Kraus whose firm employed about a quarter of Derbys corsetmakers. This business was only successful into the early 1890s, and had been swallowed by competition by 1896. The site next housed businesses engaged in a variety of metalworking pursuits related to corsetry, and in 1907 it was acquired by Sterling Pin. Pinmaking was another major business in Derby, and Sterling expanded the plant to manufacture pins, hairpins, clasps and eyes, and other small wire-based products. It remained in business at this site into the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>The John Wells Jr. House is a historic house at 505 Mountain Road in West Hartford, Connecticut. Built about 1766, it is one of the town&#39;s few surviving 18th-century buildings, and a good example of Georgian residential architecture. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 10, 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The John Wells Jr. House is located on the west side of West Hartford, on the west side of Mountain Road, roughly midway between its junctions with Orchard and Flagg Roads. It is set on a lot that rises to the west, with a low stone retaining wall at the front. It is a -story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a large central chimney, and a centered entrance. The second floor hangs slightly over the first on the front and sides, and the house is finished in clapboards. The main entrance is flanked by pilasters and topped by a half-round carved fanlight. Two-story ells extend to either side.</p><br>
<p>The oldest portion of this house was probably built c. 1766 by John Wells Jr. or by his father; the land on which it stands was given by the father to the son, with the house standing on it, in 1768. The house was sold by the younger Wells in 1788. It is one of the oldest houses in West Hartford.</p><br>
<p>The Gen. Martin Kellogg House, now more commonly known as the Kellog-Eddy House, is a historic house museum at 679 Willard Avenue in Newington, Connecticut. Built about 1808, it is a well-preserved example of Federal period residential architecture, and it was home to two of Newington&#39;s leading citizens. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 1, 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Kellogg-Eddy House stands west of Newington center, on the west side of Willard Avenue (Connecticut Route 173), north of its junction with Cedar Street. It is a -story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a center entrance and two interior chimneys. Its front entry has a fanlight above and is sheltered by an original portico supported by turned columns. There are two two-story wings extending to the side and rear, which were added in 1927–28.</p><br>
<p>The main house was built c. 1808 by William Kellogg, the fourth of that name, who was a leading citizen of Newington, for his son Martin. Primarily a farmer, he received his military title for service in the state militia. Kellogg was instrumental in establishing a local academy for higher education in 1829. The house and farm were purchased in 1913 by Elford Welles Eddy, who was a distant cousin to the Kelloggs. Eddy kept a dairy herd on the farm, and served on the local library and water district boards. He also served one term in the state legislature. The town acquired the house from his widow in 1975. It is now operated by the local historical society and operated as a museum.</p><br>
<p>The Richards-Sewall House is a historic house in Urbana, Ohio, United States. Located along College Street on the citys western side, it was built in 1853 in a combination of the Queen Anne, Stick/Eastlake, and Gothic Revival architectural styles. president of what is now Urbana University during the 1870s. A native of Maine, Sewall was a minister of the New Church who moved to Urbana upon being elected to the presidency in 1870. In addition to his position as college president, Sewall taught a range of courses at the college and served as the pastor of the New Church congregation in Urbana. While living in Urbana, Sewall served as president of the churchs Ohio governing body, published multiple books, and chaired the church&#39;s board of missions.</p><br>
<p>In 1995, the Richards-Sewall House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It qualified for addition to the Register both because of its connection to Sewall and its contribution to broad patterns of American history.</p><br>
<p>The Capt. James Loomis House is a historic house at 881 Windsor Avenue in Windsor, Connecticut. Built about 1825, it is a good local example of transitional Federal-Greek Revival architecture executed in brick. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 15, 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Captain James Loomis House is located south of the village center of Windsor, on the west side of Windsor Street (Connecticut Route 159), the major north–south route through that part of the town, between Rood Avenue and Woody Brook Road. It is a -story brick structure, laid in Flemish bond throughout. It is four bays wide and two deep, with a boxed cornice and wide frieze. The main entrance is off-center on the front facade, with a semi-elliptical transom window above. The windows are otherwise symmetrically placed, with cut stone sills and lintels. In the gable end at the attic level is a window exhibiting Gothic tracery. A single-story ell extends the building to the rear.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1828 for Captain James Loomis, whose family was locally important, with numerous houses in the immediate area. This house exhibits a locally distinctive combination of Federal and Greek Revival features, the latter including the wide frieze and pedimented gable, and the former the elliptical fanlight.</p><br>
<p>The Mount St. Joseph Academy is a historic former school building at 1 Hamilton Heights Drive in West Hartford, Connecticut. It is a four- and five-story brick and stone structure with Colonial Revival styling, designed by Hartford architect John J. Dwyer and built in 1905-08. It was operated by the Sisters of Mercy as a Roman Catholic school for girls, reaching a maximum enrollment of 565 in 1958. The school closed due to declining enrollment in 1978. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 22, 1983. In 1996 the building was renovated for use as an assisted living facility, which presently  is operated as Atria Hamilton Heights</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Mount St. Joseph Academy stands on a landscaped hilltop at the southwest junction of Fern Street and Hamilton Avenue in eastern West Hartford. It is a large masonry structure four and five stories in height, with Georgian Revival styling. Its exterior is finished mainly in red brick, with limestone and buff brick used in the trim. It is laid out in an E shape, with the main spine of the E oriented north-south, and the legs of the E extending westward. The front facade faces east, and is divided into five sections, with a central projecting entry with gabled pediment and half-round columned portico, and slightly projecting end wings. The interior central lobby spaces have retained original features and finishes despite conversion of the premises from a school to assisted living.</p><br>
<p>The academy building was built in 1905-08, and is one of the major works of Hartford architect John J. Dwyer. It was built for the Sisters of Mercy, a Roman Catholic order, as a boarding school for girls. The order was founded in 1831 in Dublin, Ireland, and had established itself in Hartford in 1852. It promptly opened a school for girls, which moved to larger quarters on Farmington Avenue in 1874 and was then given the name Mount St. Joseph Seminary. Again needing a larger space in the early 20th century, the Sisters had this facility constructed. Originally designed with more expensive materials (including granite and marble), both the size of the building and its material costs were reduced to fit the Sisters&#39; $300,000 budget. The school operated until 1978, when it closed due to declining enrollment.</p><br>
<p>McLevy Hall is a historic municipal building at 202 State Street in downtown Bridgeport, Connecticut. The building was built in 1854 to house both the City Hall and the Fairfield County Courthouse, and served as Bridgeport City Hall into the 1930s. It was renamed McLevy Hall after Bridgeport mayor Jasper McLevy in 1966. The current city hall on Lyon Terrace was built in 1916, however municipal offices continued to occupy McLevy Hall through the 1970s. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 19, 1977.</p><br>
<h2>City Hall and Courthouse</h2><br>
<p>Locating the Fairfield County Courthouse in Bridgeport was the result of much debate. Fairfield, Connecticut had been the site of the first county seat and courthouse in Fairfield County but by the mid-19th century, not only was the old courthouse insufficient for the countys needs, but the growth of Bridgeport and Norwalk made them more logical choices for county seat and a new courthouse. Bridgeports offer to pay for the building of a courthouse and jail decided the matter. Bridgeport City Hall was constructed in 1853-54 between State and Bank Streets and cost $75,000. Alexander Jackson Davis designed it in the Greek Revival style to resemble a temple. The building, opened in 1855, had a large ground floor for use as City Hall, two floors for county government and court use and an auditorium, Washington Hall, for public gatherings. In 1886, when Bridgeport City Hall proved insufficient for both the growing needs of city and county, the Fairfield County Courthouse was built nearby.</p><br>
<h2>Lincoln speech</h2><br>
<p>On Saturday, March 10, 1860, Abraham Lincoln spoke in Washington Hall at Bridgeport City Hall. Not only was the largest room in the city packed, but a crowd formed outside as well. Lincoln received a standing ovation before taking the 9:07 p.m. train that night back to Manhattan. A plaque marks the site where Lincoln spoke.</p><br>
<p>Beth Elon is a Queen Anne style house built in Henrico County, Virginia, three miles from Richmond, Virginia, in 1890. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. The listing includes 2 contributing buildings and one other contributing site.</p><br>
<p>It was the home of Leslie and Laura Watson, who were musicians, early members of the American Guild of Organists.</p><br>
<p>Lynfeld is a farm located on South Road in the Town of Washington, New York, United States, near the village of Millbrook. Its farmhouse, a frame structure dating to the late 19th century, is in an unusual shape for a building in the Italianate architectural style.</p><br>
<p>The land was first part of a much larger farm established sometime in the late 18th century. In the 1870s, the original owners grandson built the main house. His son was an innovative farmer who was among the first in the Hudson Valley and Dutchess County, and in one case the country, to raise several new species of livestock. It remained in the original familys hands until the late 1960s. In 1987 the farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings and grounds</h2><br>
<p>Lynfeld is located in the western section of the town, on the south side of South Road just east of its junction with Tyrell Road, a half-mile (1 km) southeast of where South Road splits from the US 44-NY 82 highway. The terrain is gently rolling, with many tributaries draining to the East Branch of Wappinger Creek to the north. A semicircular driveway with trees clustered near it provides access to the six buildings. The land is mostly cleared and under cultivation, as are neighboring farms, a contrast with the wooded areas across Tyrell to the northwest.</p><br>
<h3>Main house</h3><br>
<p>The main house is located at the driveway&#39;s eastern turn. It is a two-story frame clapboard-sided structure with a low pitched metal hipped roof, pierced by a chimney at the southwest, arranged in a rough C shape with the interior angle to the northwest. A wide overhanging eave at the roofline is supported by scroll brackets.</p><br>
<p>A hip-roofed porch runs the entire width of the five-bay tripartite main facade, on the interior angle. Its roof is supported by square piers that form an arcaded frieze embellished with drop pendants beneath a wide panelled and bracketed cornice. Windows on all facades are mostly paired round-arched windows with louvered shutters.</p><br>
<p>A tripartite bay window projects from the westernmost bay on the north. It, too, has a bracketed cornice and hipped roof. The south elevation has a two-story rear wing with a porch on the east that also wraps around to part of the main block. Brick steps with iron rails lead up to the rear door.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance is a deeply recessed paneled door with a round-arched transom. It is surrounded by a molded architrave with a decorative scroll-bracket keystone. Inside, the room layout has been altered moderately with the addition of removable partitions and the conversion of the upstairs into residential apartments. Much of the original finishing remains, including wood, plaster, and marblework. The door and windows have fine molded wooden surrounds. There are cornices in the plaster and marble mantelpieces around the fireplaces, those purely decorative as the house was heated by a system based on a furnace, stoves and hot-air piping.</p><br>
<p>There are some major decorative touches in the main rooms. The front parlor has an elaborate ceiling medallion, and the library features built in bookcases with glass cabinets. A carved balustrade on the winding, spacious central staircase is intact.</p><br>
<h3>Outbuildings</h3><br>
<p>To the house&#39;s west along the entrance drive is a late 20th-century office building, now used as residential space. It is a two-story frame building with vertical siding and a shed roof. On its east was once a greenhouse, built on the site of an earlier carriage house. Because of its recent construction it is not a contributing resource to the Register listing.</p><br>
<p>The barn on its west is a contributing resource, since it was built within a few decades of the farmhouse. It is a one-and-a-half-story frame building in horizontal flushboard with a gabled roof. A round-arched window is within its gable end.</p><br>
<p>Next to it is the dairy/hay barn, also contributing. It is much larger and more complex, with several wings. It is a frame gable-roofed structure built into the slight westward slope, with a similar wing on the west for cows. A small milkhouse is attached to the north side of the wing. Inside, the barn&#39;s framing is augmented with long diagonal braces.</p><br>
<p>Continuing along the driveway, there are two more buildings. A four-bay frame corrugated metal modern machine shed, with an attached smaller shed, is to the hay barn&#39;s northwest. To its northeast, close to South Road, is a one-story frame guest cottage. Neither are contributing resources.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The ancestors of Lynfelds builder, Milton Conrad Ham, were German immigrants, war refugees from the Palatine who were resettled on Livingston family lands along the Hudson River in what is now the area between Rhinebeck and Germantown. A plan for them to grow naval stores in the area soon failed due to the regions harsh winters, and the Germans scattered throughout the region looking for new work and living quarters.</p><br>
<p>Sometime between the late 1710s and 1760s, the first Ham settled near Washington Hollow and began farming a 225 acre tract that includes the present Lynfeld. Local histories suggest that Milton, when he took over the farm in 1871 and built the house, was living on land first purchased by his grandfather Frederick, although it is not known when that transaction took place. The farm was known as "Lynfeld" due to the perceived abundance of linden trees on the property.</p><br>
<p>An earlier frame farmhouse had been built on the property in Frederick Hams time. It was not enough for Milton, relatively progressive and sophisticated by the standards of taste among Dutchess County farmers. From an unknown architect, he commissioned a farmhouse in the Italian villa style more commonly used for urban houses and cottages of the eras affluent.</p><br>
<p>The Lynfeld house was further distinguished among the style by its unusual configuration. Most Italianate buildings combine smaller squarish or cubical forms, with wings, when they exist, at perpendicular angles to the main block. Ham&#39;s house was, instead, shaped like a large, fat "C" — a large square block with an interior angle on the northwest that served as a segmented front facade. It was further enhanced with elegant Victorian decorative touches.</p><br>
<p>From Milton, the farm passed to his son John Milton Ham. The younger man served in several public offices at different levels of government: federally as the Millbrook postmaster, locally as Washington town supervisor and at the county level as Dutchess&#39;s county clerk. Like his father, he was drawn to innovations of the era. The hay barn, the larger of the two built during his ownership, used diagonal braces to augment its framing. This newer method eliminated the need for post-and-beam structural systems barns had traditionally used, opening up most of the interior space.</p><br>
<p>On the farm, he tried out new breeds of livestock. He was one of the first Hudson Valley farmers to raise Holstein-Friesian cattle and keep Percheron horses for stud. He also introduced Berkshire swine and was one of the first American farmers to raise Dorset horned sheep.</p><br>
<p>In 1936, the original farmhouse, now used as a tenant house, burned down. The cottage was built shortly afterwards. Three decades later, the farm passed out of Ham family ownership after ten generations when Conrad Ham sold the current parcel.</p><br>
<p>It was later converted for mixed office and residential use. Sometime between its listing on the Register in 1987 and the present day, the house&#39;s exterior was made plainer. The frieze and decorative eyebrow windows were removed from below the roofline, replaced with clapboard, and the pediments over some of the first floor windows were also removed.</p><br>
<p>The Cobblestone Farm and Museum, which includes the Dr. Benajah Ticknor House  is an historical museum located at 2781 Packard Road in Ann Arbor Michigan. The museum gets its name from the cobblestone used to build the farmhouse. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site of the Cobblestone Farm had been a farm as far back as 1824 and remained an operating farm well into the</p><br>
<p>late 20th century. Ezra Maynard originally cleared the land on which the farm now sits. and two adopted daughters. Benajah Ticknor died in 1858, at which time his extensive medical library was donated to the University of Michigan.</p><br>
<p>In 1860, Horace Booth purchased the farm from Getia Ticknor. Horace and his son Nelson farmed and improved the property, adding the fountain that still exists today. In 1881, William Campbell purchased the farm, and he and his descendants continued to farm the property until 1955. The family continued to own it until 1972, when the city of Ann Arbor purchased the property for use as a museum.</p><br>
<p>Restored to its mid-nineteenth-century appearance, the farm today serves to provide a glimpse into the pioneer history of the surrounding community. The site was acquired by the city of Ann Arbor as a city park and is leased to the Cobblestone Farm Association. In addition to its educational mission, the farm also serves as a venue for festive occasions such as picnics, fairs and weddings.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Dr. Benajah Ticknor House is a rectangular two-story Classical Revival house with a side-gable roof constructed of cobblestones laid in a herringbone pattern.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the cobblestone farmhouse, the Museum property also includes a large barn, tool shed, corn crib, and smokehouse. A c. 1835 log cabin, moved to the property from southeastern Washtenaw County, is also on display.</p><br>
<p>Cobblestone Farm Farmhouse.JPGCobblestone Farm Ticknor-Campbell House, rear view</p><br>
<p>Cobblestone Farm Barns.JPGCobblestone Farm barns</p><br>
<p>Cobblestone Farm Historic Marker.JPGCobblestone Farm historical marker</p><br>
<p>The Hale–Elmore–Seibels House or Seibels House is a historic building located in Columbia, South Carolina. Records of the exact year of its construction were destroyed in 1865 during the burning of the city by Union soldiers serving under General William Tecumseh Sherman. The best guess for the date of construction stems from a purported "1796" carved into a beam in the basement. Much of the early history of the house is uncertain, but it is thought to be the oldest building in Columbia.</p><br>
<p>Located at 1601 Richland Street, the house is the headquarters of Historic Columbia, a non-profit organization dedicated to preserving Columbia and Richland County&#39;s historic and cultural heritage, and its grounds are open to the public for visitation. Its extensive restored garden serves as the backdrop for wedding receptions and other events.</p><br>
<p>The Thorne Memorial School building is located at Franklin and Maple streets in Millbrook, New York, United States. It is a brick structure built at the end of the 19th century, considered the most distinctive public building in the village.</p><br>
<p>After being challenged by a newspaper reporters column about the new villages lack of a school, a wealthy local resident had the school built at his expense and donated it to the community. In order for it to be accepted, it was necessary for the village to formally incorporate. It served as its high school until 1962. Today it is used for special purposes and afterschool activities. In 1996 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places along with an adjacent blacksmith&#39;s shop.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings and grounds</h2><br>
<p>The school&#39;s 3.5 acre lot is a rectangular parcel located in a residential area at the corner of Franklin (the former route of the US 44 highway) and Maple avenues on the eastern edge of downtown Millbrook. To the north is Lyall Federated Church and some houses; to the east is Maple Avenue East. An access drive in the center divides the developed portion on the west from a grassy field on the east. The school has its original retaining wall on the south side and a parking lot on the north.</p><br>
<p>The main building is a three-story structure on a limestone foundation sided in buff brick. It is configured as two connecting perpendicular blocks, with semicircular wings on the south corners. Asphalt has covered the original metal roof, except for the copper trim on the cornice and dormer windows.</p><br>
<p>The front (south) facade is trimmed with limestone quoins, beltcourses and architraves. It is pedimented in the center over a Palladian window. Windows are round-arched on the ground floor.</p><br>
<p>Inside the front block is given over to classrooms surrounding an open stairwell on the first two stories. The third story, originally living quarters for the janitor and his family has smaller rooms in the dormers with a central hall lit by skylights. Walls are plaster over clay tile on the interior wythe; floors are original wood strip except for concrete in the basement, which is used for mechanical purposes.</p><br>
<p>It connects to the similar basement of the north wing. That wing&#39;s ground floor has a kitchen on the east and cafeteria on the west. To their north is a two-story auditorium with exposed iron trusses supporting the ceiling and roof. At the north end are dressing rooms and mechanical rooms.</p><br>
<p>There are two outbuildings associated with the property. A cobblestone shop near the school was originally used to teach students blacksmithing; it is today a storage facility. It dates to sometime before 1913 and is considered a contributing resource. A bandshell on the north end of the field to the east is of more modern construction and thus non-contributing.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Millbrook had come into existence in 1869, when entrepreneur M. Franklin Merritt bought an old farm through which the Dutchess and Columbia Railroad was slated to be built. He laid out streets and subdivided the land. The village-to-be was named Millbrook, in honor of the nearby estate of G.H. Brown.</p><br>
<p>The settlement grew quickly, with other wealthy buyers establishing their own country estates outside of town. Those who worked for or sold things to them moved into the growing hamlet. In 1892, a local newspaper, the Round Table, reported the observations of a visitor from Poughkeepsie on what the village, which he praised for its "evident harmony and cooperation between the millionaire population and the unmoneyed people", lacked:</p><br>
<p>The visitor called for one of the wealthy local residents to rise to the occasion and endow a public school in Millbrook, "a monument that outlasts time".</p><br>
<p>The next year a meeting was called to consider that possibility. A site was initially selected near the old wooden schoolhouse on Elm Street, built shortly after the hamlet was subdivided. In the autumn of that year Samuel Thorne, a wealthy resident with deep roots in the area, announced that plans were nearly complete for the present school, on a different parcel of land. He would name it Thorne Memorial for his late parents Jonathan and Lydia.</p><br>
<p>Thorne&#39;s school was to be state-of-the-art for its era. The new school was fireproof, long before this became common or mandatory. The Round Table said the new school had the potential to make Millbrook "first in educational advantages among villages of its size in Dutchess County".</p><br>
<p>No hard documentation exists for the architect or builders, but recent investigation has found that they were likely William J. Beardsley and the Cornwall firm of Mead and Taft respectively. Christopher Gray has found that Beardsley, who established himself later with the 1903 Dutchess County Court House in Poughkeepsie and went on to design many public buildings in the state, lived on the same Millbrook street as Frank Welling, supervisor of the construction for the school board. His 1933 obituary also referred to "a school in Millbrook" as being one of his works. Mead and Taft had recently built nearby Halcyon Hall and were known for their ability to finish such large projects.</p><br>
<p>It was completed and opened in September 1895. The Thorne family wanted to donate it to the community, but at the time there was no formal entity that could accept the gift. So, at the end of the year, Millbrook voted overwhelmingly to incorporate as a village.</p><br>
<p>The original school property included a stable and blacksmith shop as outbuildings. The former is no longer extant; the latter is but is used for storage. The school continued to be used as the village&#39;s high school until the creation of the present Millbrook Central School District in 1962. There have been very few alterations to it save for the removal of the original flagpole and cupola. It continues to be used for special-interest classes and community event until recently when the Millbrook Board of Trustees decided that the cost of keeping the building open was too great for amount of use.</p><br>
<p>The Emmanuel Church at Brook Hill, in the historic community of Brook Hill in Henrico County, Virginia, is a historic Episcopal church.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Brothers John and Daniel Kerr Stewart, both born on the Island of Bute in Scotland, emigrated and established a farm at Brook Hill. Although they had been members of Monumental Church and then St. Pauls Church, both in downtown Richmond, Virginia, their property was on the citys outskirts. The early Brook turnpike between Richmond and Dabney Williamson&#39;s Tavern had become a major thoroughfare during the American Revolution. Between 1859 and 1860, the Stewart brothers supported creation of a new parish near their farm, which was organized in 1860.</p><br>
<p>Bishop John Johns consecrated the building on July 6, 1860. The mission churchs first rector was Rev. Richard Hooker Wilmer, a friend of John Stewart and future Confederate Bishop (elected to the Episcopal Diocese of Alabama in 1862, and who ultimately would be interred in this churchs graveyard).</p><br>
<p>The church built a school in 1910, and a parish hall in the 1950s. The parish has also been known for its social activism. John Stewarts daughter Marian, who married George William Peterkin (who became the first Bishop of West Virginia), wrote about its mottos: "God is with us" and "the effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much". Virginias seventh bishop, William Cabell Brown, a former missionary in Brazil, is also interred in the graveyard. Immediately in front of the church, in addition to a historic marker concerning the church, is a marker commemorating artist and suffragette Adele Goodman Clark.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church and church school (built in 1910), as well as the cemetery were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Rhode Island architect Clifton A. Hall designed the church.</p><br>
<p>Richard Hooker Wilmer, the only bishop to be consecrated by the Episcopal Church in the Confederate States of America, is buried in the church cemetery, as are many Confederate soldiers.</p><br>
<p>Adèle Goodman Clark is also buried here.</p><br>
<p>Smith&#39;s Tavern is a historic building in Spartanburg County, South Carolina. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It is a two-story clapboard "I-house" with a shed-roof porch at the front and a one-story kitchen addition to the rear. The house has two corbelled gable end chimneys and a large chimney at the rear of the old kitchen addition. The brick courses in one of the gable-end chimneys are laid in a diamond patterned tapestry, offset by glazed headers. The tapestried chimney is one of few remaining in South Carolina.</p><br>
<p>Captain William James Smith, a revolutionary army officer from Pennsylvania, built the home in 1790. It served as a stagecoach stops that offered room and board and was referred to as "Smith&#39;s Tavern." It overlooks two 18th century roads. One of these roads is Blackstock Road, now known as Hwy. 215, was a primary route to drive cattle from Columbia, South Carolina to Asheville, North Carolina, hence its name. The other road intersected Blackstock Road is now known as McAbee and Otts Shoals Roads. The southernmost road, Otts Shoals, leads to the historic plantation of Walnut Grove, site of a revolutionary skirmish.</p><br>
<p>The land around the "Smith&#39;s Tavern" house was bought in 1970 by the Crescent Company, and it was divided into lots and the lots were sold.</p><br>
<p>Levering Hall is a historic building in downtown Mount Gilead, Ohio, United States. A fine example of the Italianate style, it was intended to house a range of civic functions.</p><br>
<p>Architecturally, Levering Hall is distinguished by such elements as elaborate ironwork and detailed cornices. Built in the national centennial year of 1876, it was initially conceived as a village hall and fire station, but before construction began, local businessmen proposed using its front portion for commercial purposes. Ultimately, the front and rear were built separately at a combined cost of $22,500. Among the most distinctive portions of the finished two-piece building was an opera hall, used as a community theater until the end of the 1940s. The village offices and fire station also left the building in the middle of the twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>Plans for the building that became Levering Hall were laid during a period of rapid growth for the village of Mount Gilead, which had only recently been a tiny crossroads community. The halls cornerstone was laid on June 28, 1876, and construction was finished by the end of the year. Its builders were Miller and Smith, who were known for their work on several Ohio county courthouses and the Ohio Penitentiary in Columbus. Leading Mount Gilead businessman Allen Levering was the buildings namesake; a future state legislator, he helped to organize the local business association that proposed using the building for commercial purposes.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, Levering Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It qualified for listing because of its distinctive architecture, its part in overall local history, and its connection to Allen Levering.</p><br>
<p>The Washington Trust Company Building is a Beaux Arts-style commercial building that is located in the central downtown area of Washington, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The original 1903 section of the building is six stories tall; the 1927 addition is ten stories. At the start of 2015, this historic structure was the largest commercial building in Washington.</p><br>
<p>The original portion of the building was completed in 1903 as the headquarters of the Washington Trust Company, formed by acquisitions and mergers of other financial institutions in 1901. The trust company needed grow from its original rented space in the Swan Building as the banking sector in the area was expanding due to the increase in coal and oil extraction activities. The first floor of the new building housed the bank; professionals including doctors, engineers, insurance and real estate agents occupying the upper floors. Its proximity to the county Courthouse on the opposite side of Main Street made the building a popular address for legal professionals as well.</p><br>
<p>The trust company closed in 1931 when it failed to survive the Great Depression. The building was owned by a succession of banks and was sold to a development group in 2013. Even though, as with many smaller cities, the downtown area of Washington suffers from low occupancy, the Washington Trust Company is still home to many of the town&#39;s professional offices, as well as a bank on the first floor.</p><br>
<p>In 2012, the Washington County Redevelopment Authority announced Trek Development&#39;s development plans for the building, including commercial space, retail, and up to 44 apartments.</p><br>
<p>The McClure–Shelby House near Nicholasville, Kentucky was built in c. 1840. It includes elements of Greek Revival architecture and Federal architecture. The 33 acre property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It then included three contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>The house was built for farmer and landowner Andrew McClure. His daughter, Sarah B. McClure, later married Isaac Shelby, a grandson of Isaac Shelby, first governor of the Kentucky.</p><br>
<p>The Shelby Family Houses near Lexington, Kentucky are five houses that together were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The listing covers:</p><br>
<p>"Greenfields", 5510 Richmond Road, Lexington</p><br>
<p>"Grassland" (1823), Shelby Lane, Lexington, an L-shaped two-and-a-half-story brick house</p><br>
<p>"Richland" (1820s or 1830s), Richmond Road, Lexington</p><br>
<p>"Ruemont", Jacks Creek Pike, Lexington</p><br>
<p>"Highland Hall", 6208 Richmond Rd., Lexington, Kentucky, which is separately listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>A sixth house, "Belair", is excluded from the National Register listing.</p><br>
<p>The 20.1 acre listing included, in 1978, 10 contributing buildings and one other contributing site.</p><br>
<p>Mortonville is an unincorporated area and historic hamlet in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States, situated on the eastern bank of the West Branch Brandywine Creek. It consists of approximately one-half dozen structures, two of which are on the National Register of Historic Places: the Mortonville Hotel, and the 12.5 ft "Bridge in East Fallowfield Township" which crosses a mill race a few feet east of a larger bridge. The larger bridge, known as the Mortonville Bridge, was also listed on the NRHP until 2010, when it was delisted following a renovation. The two bridges are in East Fallowfield Township, while most other structures are in Newlin Township.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The hamlet was founded between 1767 and 1772 by Thomas Hayes, who erected a grist mill and sawmill where the Strasburg Road crossed the creek, on the east bank. He sold his land and the mills to John Worth in 1772; John&#39;s son Thomas built a house on the north side of the road (across from the mills) in 1796.</p><br>
<p>Sketchley and Elizabeth Morton, a couple from Springfield Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, bought the former Worth property on April 1, 1840. (Morton, Pennsylvania was named after Sketchley.) The land was soon transferred to their grandson, Crosby P. Morton, who founded Mortonville. In 1849, he turned the Worth house into the Mortonville Hotel (although he was unable to obtain a tavern license for it, a necessity for serving alcohol) and built a wheelwright shop nearby, on the south side of the road. He leased the hotel to Isaac Parsons in 1850; Parsons obtained a tavern license, but vacated in 1851, leaving the hotel up for lease. It was described in his advertisement as serving both stock-drovers along the Strasburg Road and other travellers. Ultimately, it was rented to Hansen Thornbury. In the meantime, Morton erected a general store next to the wheelwright shop, but both the store and the mills were up for rent by the end of 1851, the tenants having vacated. On February 6, 1852, a post office was opened in Mortonville, with Morton as postmaster. He obtained Francis R. Hickman as a tenant for the store and wheelwright shop, but he went bankrupt in 1852, leaving them vacant again. In 1853, Robert Smith took over the hotel from Thornbury, but did not obtain a tavern license. In the middle of the year, Morton abruptly moved to Philadelphia, leaving the storekeeper, John C. Ely, to take over the postoffice. He and his wife Sarah sold all their holdings to Joshua N. Pierce, of Embreeville on March 31, 1854 and never returned to the town that bears their name.</p><br>
<p>The center of activity in the modern hamlet is a canoe rental business, based in an old house and the adjacent picnic park along the Brandywine. Other structures include the ruins of a grist mill, a new restaurant being built on an old foundation, canoe sheds, and an apparently modern covered bridge. The Mortonville Bridge, which was built in 1826 and rehabilitated in 2009, carries about 6,200 vehicles per day on Strasburg Road. It&#39;s unknown when the smaller bridge on the National Register was built, but it likely predates the larger bridge.</p><br>
<p>The Green River Female Academy in Todd County, Kentucky is one of the best indications of early 19th century attitudes towards educational equality in the United States and is an example of early Kentucky Georgian, Federal and Greek Revival transitional architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The school was built for the stockholders and trustees of the Green River Female Academy, begun in 1835 and completed in 1836 by a team of masons, carpenters, journeymen, and turners. The five-bay double pile building stands on a 1.5 acre lot in the city of Elkton. The Green River Female Academy is the only school predating the Civil War in the Green River region, broadly defined, to survive.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building was programmed by David V. Robinson and constructed by Jesse Russell and Daniel Grumbly. The building is rendered primarily in both the Federal and Greek-Revival styles, but retains elements of the Georgian period that architectural historian Clay Lancaster noted as "Georgian Survival." The exterior of the building is designed primarily in the Federal style which is accomplished by the emphasis that has been placed upon the central bay of the symmetrically aligned building. The building displays no brick belt course that would be characteristic of the previous Georgian style, nor does it utilize the temple form of the later Greek Revival period. The pedimented gable over the central bay is a distinct characteristic of the Georgian period of architecture. The buildings carved limestone lintels above its facade windows and door feature circular bosses on both ends which are characteristic of the Greek Revival period. The interior radiates from a central hallway that traverses three floors. The plan is nearly symmetrical on all floors. Robinson, Russell and Grumbly possibly used the pattern books of Asher Benjamin and Owen Biddle Jr. to create a plan and details for the academy building, as many of the details align in form with the designs featured in Benjamin and Biddles pattern books.</p><br>
<h2>School</h2><br>
<p>Stock for the project was sold to fund the construction of the academy. The school grew to become very prominent in the 19th century. Kentucky, along with North Carolina, boasted the best schools in the nation. During the early to mid-nineteenth century, Academy principal Lucinda Hannah Dickey disregarded social convention by teaching enslaved servants to read and to write, an effort which was considered to be socially unacceptable during the time period. The school remained an all female academy until 1853 when the Academy admitted young men. Many graduates of the Academy attended colleges in the northeast including Yale and Columbia. Notable figures including United States Supreme Court Justice James Clark McReynolds attended the school, excelling in academics under United States Naval Academy Graduate Major Samuel Robert Crumbaugh. The school held its prestige until the late 1880s. Elkton became a state center of education in the late 19th century after the introduction of various colleges, seminaries and academies, including the Vanderbilt Training School and Bethel College. After these schools were introduced to the area, attendance at the Green River Academy began to fall. After the school became defunct, the stock was sold in majority to the City of Elkton Trustees and was used as a public school for the community of Elkton. The school remained in operation until the stock was dissolved and the building was thereafter converted into a residence by the Judge Walton Forgy.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>The Green River Academy Preservation Society controls the estate. The Green River Academy Preservation Society was awarded a grant $500,000 in the spring of 2011 by Governor Steve Beshear to restore the building.</p><br>
<p>State Theater was an historic theater located at Newark in New Castle County, Delaware. It was built about 1929 and was a Neoclassical style, rectangular brick structure with one of the narrow ends oriented toward the street. The theater occupied most of the building, with two small store spaces located at either end of the facade. It was closed near the end of the 1980s, and it was demolished in 1989.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Caleb Baldwin Tavern is a historic house at 32 Main Street in the Newtown Borough Historic District in Newtown, Connecticut, built around 1763. The two-and-a-half-story house is considered historically significant for its role in movement of French Army forces under General Rochambeau, as it housed some of the army&#39;s officers in June 1781 on their march to the Siege of Yorktown. It is also an example of traditional 18th-century New England architecture and retains some details from that time period. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 23, 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Caleb Baldwin Tavern is located in Newtown&#39;s village center on the east side of Main Street (Connecticut Route 25) a short way south of its junction with Church Hill Road (United States Route 6). It is a -story wood-frame structure with a side gable roof and shingled exterior. The roof is pierced by two brick chimneys. Its main façade is five bays wide with sash windows arranged symmetrically around the center entrance. The entry is sheltered by a Victorian-era porch with jigsaw brackets and a spindled frieze. The entry is flanked by pilasters which support an arched molding and sunburst fanlight. A secondary entrance is located on the south side of the building, sheltered by a 20th-century shed roof porch. The interior follows a central hall plan.</p><br>
<p>The tavern was built around 1763 and represents a good early example of the two-chimney center hall plan. It was one of several buildings that hosted French officers in 1781 and 1782 when the army of Rochambeau marched across Connecticut between Virginia and Providence, Rhode Island. The Baldwins are known to have hosted Claude Blanchard, Rochambeau&#39;s commissary who arrived in advance of the troops to arrange housing and supplies.</p><br>
<p>The Bronk-Silvester House is a historic house located at 188 Mansion Street in Coxsackie, Greene County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1811 and is a two-story, two-by-five-bay brick dwelling with a stone foundation and gabled-roof. It features a center hall plan interior and is in the Federal style.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 12, 2002.</p><br>
<p>Rocky Mills, built c. 1750, was a Georgian mansion in Hanover County, Virginia. Disassembled and relocated about 21 miles to Henrico County, Virginia in 1928, it was reassembled and expanded by architect H. Louis Duhring Jr.</p><br>
<p>The woodwork and paneling of its rooms is particularly fine.</p><br>
<p>Now renamed "Fairfield," the property, including four contributing buildings, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Jesse Chisholm Grave Site is a commemorative site in rural Blaine County, Oklahoma. Located about 6 mi north of Geary on the east side of the North Canadian River, the site is the accepted location of the burial of Jesse Chisholm , a well-known mixed-blood Cherokee trader for whom the Chisholm Trail is named. The site is also believed to include the burial site of Chief Left Hand, whose camp Chisholm was visiting at the time of his death. A nearby spring is named Left Hand Spring in the chief&#39;s honor. The site is a historical reminder of the friendship between the two men, who had an enduring friendship despite significant hostility between whites and Native Americans at the time.</p><br>
<p>The site of Chisholm&#39;s burial is marked by a simple granite marker bearing the words "Jesse Chisholm // Born 1805 // DIED MAR 4 1868 // NO ONE LEFT HIS HOME COLD OR HUNGRY". The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. It is maintained by the Oklahoma Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The Episcopal Church of the Redeemer is an historic Episcopal Church located on 1st Street North at Fulton Street in Salmon, Idaho. Built in 1902, it was designed by stone mason Frank Pollard. The one-story church has a Gothic Revival design which uses rusticated stone. Prominent Gothic features of the church include its symmetrical plan, Gothic arched entrances, decorative Celtic crosses, and stained glass windows.</p><br>
<p>On January 12, 1979, the church was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It is still an active parish in the Episcopal Diocese of Idaho.</p><br>
<p>The Clarke–Palmore House, also known as Clarke Home, was built as a brick farmhouse in 1819 and expanded in 1855.</p><br>
<p>Its first floor level, built in 1819, is described as being American bond brickwork of 3 to 5 stretcher courses between each header course. Its upper level, built in 1855, is of American bond with 6 to 7 stretcher courses between each header course.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The house and pumphouse on its property are "a reminder of Henrico County&#39;s agricultural past." They are owned by Henrico County and open to the public for events and by appointment as a 1930s period farmhouse.</p><br>
<p>The Brook Road Marker, Jefferson Davis Highway is a commemorative marker on the Jefferson Davis Highway, in Henrico County, Virginia, outside of Richmond, Virginia. The Jefferson Davis Highway was conceived and marked by the United Daughters of the Confederacy, as a counter to the Lincoln Highway in the north, during 1913–1925. In that era, named highways were being marked as automobile travel increased, and the advent of numbered highways eventually loomed. The marker was placed in North Richmond Brook Road, south of Hilliard Road, in 1927. It is one of the earliest, out of 16, that were placed to mark the highway in Virginia by the United Daughters of the Confederacy. It is a 42 in gray granite stone, with a slanted top, and a bronze plaque.</p><br>
<p>It is one of a number of markers studied in a National Park Service study, UDC Commemorative Highway Markers along the Jefferson Davis Highway in Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Woodside, near Tuckahoe, Virginia in Henrico County, Virginia, was built in 1858. It is a Greek Revival style villa, in the countryside but not a farmhouse. It was a family home of the Wickham family of Richmond. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The house, along with open area around it, has been permanently protected by an easement.</p><br>
<p>It is located southwest of Tuckahoe off VA 157, at what is now 510 S. Gaskins Rd.</p><br>
<p>The Henrico Theatre is an historic theater building located in Henrico County, Virginia. The theater was built in 1938, and was constructed in the Art Deco style using poured concrete  and brick. The building has three bays, of which the centermost is recessed. The auditorium initially sat 782; its capacity was reduced to 400 after a renovation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The theater opened on April 25, 1938, with a showing of "Thin Ice", starring Sonja Henie. One of the business&#39;s two owners had previously built the Byrd Theatre in nearby Richmond. The theater had been built with the most modern amenities, including air conditioning and high tech lighting and projection systems, despite its rural location at the time of construction. It was well received by the public, with its architecture in particular praised as some of the best recent work in the Richmond area. The concrete building was used as a bomb shelter during World War II.</p><br>
<p>The theater is one of only two surviving significant Art Deco structures in Henrico County. The business closed in 1996, but was purchased by Henrico County in 1999 and underwent a $5.8 million restoration. and reopened in 2007 as a multi-use community facility.</p><br>
<p>The Laurel Industrial School Historic District is a 6 acre historic district near Laurel, Virginia. The site was the center of the 175 acre Laurel Industrial School, the first public school in Henrico County. It was established by the Prison Association of Virginia, a Progressive group dedicated to prison reform at the turn of the 20th century. The school started a pattern of correctional reform which affected many institutions across Virginia throughout the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>It was identified as a Virginia Historic Landmark in 1985 The main building was called the Robert Stiles building and was named after a Confederate major of artillery in General Robert E. Lees Army of Northern Virginia. The district was the center of the sprawling complex of Virginias first reformatory/industrial school.</p><br>
<p>The district may be affected by the DC2RVA high-speed rail proposal.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Prison Association of Virginia</h3><br>
<p>When a recommendation was made, but ignored by legislators, that Virginia separate its juvenile and adult offenders, a group of prominent Virginians, including former Confederate Army soldiers, businessmen, and politicians, organized the Prison Association of Virginia. The organization was inspired by the Progressive movement, which had been slow to take off in Virginia. The group was unusual in that it functioned almost as an extension of state government while still being nominally independent. Their ambitions were altruistic but not realistic. They included improving the governance, discipline, and management of prisons in the state; ameliorate prisoners&#39; conditions; and aid convicts who demonstrated a desire to reform. Governor Fitzhugh Lee supported their initiatives. They wanted the school to become a model for reformatory correctional institutions in the state.</p><br>
<h3>History of the school</h3><br>
<p>In November 1890, a Lynchburg court sent the first boy, named Walter Turpin, to the Association, who at the time operated the program at a temporary location in a donated house in Eastern Henrico. 12 more boys were sent in six months and plans were developed for a new complex, including the purchase of 90 acres in the area then known as Laurel Station.</p><br>
<p>In 1895, the Associations President, James Caskie, asked the General Assembly for money, which was awarded in 1906, to build a second dormitory for the schools expanding population.</p><br>
<p>By January 1896, the school&#39;s population had rapidly grown to 132 boys and the facility grew in response to demand. The General Assembly paid for an entirely new building with a kitchen, dormitory, washroom, dining hall, and schoolroom.</p><br>
<p>By 1910, there were 325 boys at the school.</p><br>
<h4>Criticsm of the school&#39;s operations</h4><br>
<p>Caskie, admitted to the General Assembly that the school had some issues; only white boys were allowed to go there, and the operation of the school took so much time and effort that the Association was not able to focus on its other goals.</p><br>
<p>In 1901-1902, a state report on the school said that its sanitary facilities were poor, low water supplies were making the administration nervous, and that the dormitories couldn&#39;t handle the rapidly increasing population.</p><br>
<p>Superintendent Davis, who had resigned, wrote an article in the Richmond Evening Post after a disagreement with Hutzler — that was partially about the quality of food served at the institution — saying that the school was "a nursery of vice and not place of reform" and was "largely a moral failure." He argued that the institution was mismanaged and corrupt, which led to him resigning twice. He said that the state already furnished all the money for the school and should take charge of its operations. Hutzler made a counter-statement, saying that the allegations were untrue and were made by a "disappointed and discredited individual." However, despite Hutzler&#39;s rejection of the allegations, the State Board of Charities and Corrections conducted a second investigation of the school. The Prison Association was absolved of any mismanagement, but it was recommended to then-governor William Hodges Mann that the state take control of the school.</p><br>
<h3>Life at the school</h3><br>
<p>Some of the children at the school were as young as 6-7 years old. However, the school was designed to prevent mingling between older and younger boys as much as possible.</p><br>
<p>Boys were sent to the school for indeterminate sentences in the early years; they were held until they had been judged to have "reformed." The school&#39;s average period of detention was one year, nine months, and twelve days.</p><br>
<p>By 1910, there were enough boys to necessitate organization into families of thirty to fifty boys who watched them around the clock. At any given time, there could be 300 boys at the school.</p><br>
<p>The Association wanted the boys to experience the life of a middle-class child going to public school. In spite of the presence of the whip and solitary confinement at the school, the boys were able to have fun experiences. They were taken to the state fair, celebrated holidays, went to baseball games, sang, played music, and had their own theatrical troupe and band. They were given better-fitting clothes than children in other institutions.</p><br>
<h4>Daily life</h4><br>
<p>The education that they received was very moral. In 1903, the school introduced the Sloyd method, which taught woodworking and other handicrafts via a system of gradual introduction to tools, starting with the jackknife. Then-president of the Prison Association Charles Hutzler wanted to use the method to help prevent idleness, and help the children engage their thoughts and hands. Children were allowed to sell their work but had to put the money back to the school.</p><br>
<p>Their weekdays consisted of eight hours of labor, two hours and 45 minutes of schooltime, one hour for visiting, and one hour for play. They had to perform five hours of labor on Saturdays and had two hours and 35 minutes for visiting. There were no visiting hours on Sundays. Their mealtimes were silent and they were given instruction on formal table manners.</p><br>
<p>The boys either worked for hire for local residents or worked at a succession of local enterprises on the property, beginning with the manufacture of horse collars then the fabrication of shirts. Outside of those options, boys could work in the kitchen, farm, greenhouse, shoe shop, and laundry. They were also kept busy with repairs, chopping wood, and making bricks. Some of those bricks went to the Superintendent&#39;s administration building, which they helped build with the help of only one professionally-trained builder.</p><br>
<p>They wanted the business operations to make the school self-sufficient and thus reduce the burden on the state budget, but this goal never came to fruition; the school received state appropriations from its founding until the Commonwealth took control in 1920. The boys lived on a bare minimum diet because that was what the school could afford.</p><br>
<p>The main building&#39;s second floor had dormitory space, while the first floor had a school room/chapel to the south and a dining room to the north. The basement area was used for washing and related activities and a kitchen that sent food up via dumbwaiter.</p><br>
<h4>Discipline</h4><br>
<p>The severity of discipline at the school, or lack thereof, was a contentious issue. Corporal punishment was common at the time, but the school was especially harsh. Disciplinary measures were often unexpected by the boys. Harsh discipline at the school sparked an 1898 House committee investigation. Boys rebelled because of the vicious nature of the discipline. Escapes were common and newspapers loved to report on them. In 1898, a report produced by the Committee on Asylums and Prisons recommended the use of cages, not shackles, as disciplinary measures. In the second half of 1910, 31 boys escaped. Those who escaped had chains attached to their ankles so that their movements could be overheard. Other serious disciplinary violations that occurred included windows being broken, a boy being shot, and a guard being murdered. Recidivism was high at the school.</p><br>
<h3>Closure and post-closure history</h3><br>
<p>In the late 1910s and early 1920s, an efficiency movement in the commonwealth led to consolidation and the adoption of some Northern ideals across the government. The Commonwealth took over many tasks that, in the South, had traditionally been the responsibilities of local government; they also worked to professionalize many parts of the government. On February 21, 1920, the commonwealth ordered that Laurel transfer all property and control to the state. The program was gradually moved, but sources disagree as to where and when; some say that it was moved to an unnamed location in Goochland County in 1932, while others say that it was moved to Beaumont in Powhatan County. Its name was changed to the Virginia Industrial School for Boys.</p><br>
<p>The Robert Stiles building was used as a grocery store and apartments, but went vacant and fell into disrepair during the 1980s after the store closed down. The building was put up for auction in 1983 and was bought by the only bidder, Dr. Robert Bluford Jr., who had a keen interest in preservation and took efforts to ensure that the building was returned to its original state. He had also been involved in saving the Laurel Presbyterian Church and the building of the current Laurel Gallery. His son&#39;s medical supply business moved there in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Adeline Russell building, which was the school&#39;s second dormitory, was converted to serve as the building for Laurel Elementary School, but was then demolished. Other support buildings became residences and a golf course was made with the tailor shop at its heart.</p><br>
<h3>Effects of the school</h3><br>
<p>The norms established by reform schools persisted late into the 21st century.</p><br>
<p>The first separate courts for juveniles in Virginia were established in 1899, partially because of institutions like Laurel. These were originally equity courts, meaning that the court had extremely wide latitude to do whatever they needed to "to intervene and help that child go on a straighter path." It wasn&#39;t until the 1960s, however, that juvenile courts started to implement similar rights and protections as adult courts; this was due to multiple court decisions; notably among them were In re Gault and In re Winship.</p><br>
<p>Henricos modern juvenile detention center is located on Dixon Powers Drive, which is named after Henricos first juvenile judge, who lived in the former administration building of Laurel Industrial School.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Main building, or Robert Stiles building, was built in the Romanesque-Revival-Victorian style. The intricate bridge truss system, made of iron-tie beams and massive wood struts, supporting its roof may be the only exposed example of that type in Virginia; the NHRP nomination lists that and its hipped slate roof as its most notable architectural feature. It is a large, two-story structure with a simple internal layout of about 14,700 ft&sup2;. Its raised floor is reminiscent of the piano nobile idea.</p><br>
<p>The support buildings were typical of turn-of-the-century American architecture and included pyramidal, Georgian revival, and gable-front styles with some unique variations. The district preserves the character of the small neighborhood that originated with the school&#39;s founding.</p><br>
<p>The Palm Beach Hotel is a former hotel located at 235-251 Sunrise Avenue in Palm Beach, Florida, in the United States. The building now serves as a condominium, the Palm Beach Hotel Condominium, and, on part of the fourth floor, a Modern Orthodox synagogue, the New Synagogue of Palm Beach.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1925 to replace an earlier building of the same name, the historic four-story former hotel was designed by architect Mortimer Dickerson Metcalfe in the Mediterranean Revival style, and was built by Thomas R. Clarke. In 1969 it became vacant and, except for several attempts to reopen it as a retirement hotel, it remained so until 1981 when it was converted into condominiums.</p><br>
<p>On April 21, 2010, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places as No. 10000212.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original Palm Beach Hotel was constructed in 1902 and located on the shoreline of Lake Worth, where the Biltmore Condominiums stand today. The hotel burned down in March 1925 in the same fire that destroyed The Breakers for a second time. Embers from the flames at The Breakers blew across the island and landed on the Palm Beach Hotel, igniting a fire. The Palm Beach Hotel burnt rapidly, with the some 160 guests reportedly only able to retrieve small items. After the fire, the hotel&#39;s owner, Sidney Maddock, left Palm Beach and never returned. Maurice Heckscher built a new hotel at the site for approximately $7 million. Opened in February 1926, this 550-room hotel would be known as the Alba Hotel, before being renamed the Biltmore Hotel in 1934.</p><br>
<p>The current Palm Beach Hotel was designed by Mortimer Dickinson Metcalfe, who served as deputy state architect of New York from 1908 to 1914 and assisted in designing Grand Central Station and buildings at Florida State University, Long Island University, and Vanderbilt University, as well as other local structures such as the historic Post Office and St. Edwards Catholic Church. with construction beginning on May 1, 1925. Clarke was also the owner of the new Palm Beach Hotel until his death in 1935. The site of the current hotel was originally a dirt road lined by wooden shacks as part of The Styx, a section of town where African-American staff at Henry Flaglers hotels lived until the 1910s. The Palm Beach Hotel reopened on January 9, 1926. More than 1,000 people attended the festivities for the grand opening and danced to a musical accompaniment by the Strauss Orchestra of New York, including Mengo Lazarus Morgenthau, brother of Henry Morgenthau Sr. A story by The Palm Beach Post on the next day included the following description of the building: "Three stories in height and 400 ft in length, the hotel provides each of the 320 rooms an outlook either on Lake Worth or the ocean. The spacious dining room, surrounded by a low wall, gives a sunken garden effect."</p><br>
<p>Unlike some other hotels in Palm Beach, the Palm Beach Hotel did not often attract particularly wealthy clientele. However, the hotel hosted guests such as W. C. Fields, Arthur Hammerstein, Kyra Markham, William Starr Myers, and Will Rogers. During the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane, the hotel suffered water damage and some windows broke. As the Great Depression began, construction of large hotels in the area ceased, while prominent hotels such as the Royal Poinciana Hotel closed for business. The Palm Beach Hotel, however, continued to host social functions, including assisting individuals in finding employment. Five shops along the building&#39;s south side were closed in 1930 and replaced with a courtyard patio and loggia. Around 1946, minor renovations were made. The hotel struggled to remain in business during the following decades and was abandoned in 1969, though there were attempts to utilize the building as a retirement hotel.</p><br>
<p>In 1981, the owners of the hotel filed the Declaration of Condominium with Palm Beach County in order to officially re-designate the building as a condominium. The town government approved the re-designation in February 1981, making the building the first hotel condominium in Palm Beach. Upon re-opening as a condominium hotel, the building comprised 360 condo units; 284 residential single units and 15 residential double units; 1 mezzanine suite; 22 commercial units; 38 storage units; and penthouse units on the fourth floor. Around this time, a swimming pool was constructed within the east courtyard. Between the 1980s and early 1990s, the interior underwent several undocumented renovations. In 2002, SlimFast founder S. Daniel Abraham established the New Synagogue of Palm Beach, which meets on the fourth floor of the Palm Beach Hotel Condominium.</p><br>
<p>Walkerton Tavern was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984; the listing included five contributing buildings and one contributing site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The main structure was built in 1825.</p><br>
<h3>Condition at the time of listing</h3><br>
<p>At the time of the property&#39;s listing on the National Register in 1984, it was occupied and privately owned by George D. Bowles; its accessibility was limited. The property was noted as one of the best-preserved antebellum-era taverns in central Virginia and perhaps "the most impressive building of its type ever erected in Central Virginia."</p><br>
<h3>Presidential visit</h3><br>
<p>President Barack Obama visited the site and held a rally as part of a campaign tour for his second presidential election.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The tavern is a brick structure with 4 stories of living space. It is more architecturally significant than other hostelries in the region of the same period. It has a double set of internal stairways, one set intended for guests and the other for the family and servants.</p><br>
<p>The main building also has an unusual semi-enclosed gable-end service porch and a unique swinging vertical-board partition, which allowed one of the upstairs rooms to serve as a temporary dance hall.</p><br>
<p>Some of the features that made the property distinctive were gone as of the time of its 1984 listing, including a caged bar, a plank walkway from the carriage stop to the front porch, three separate detached ice houses, and a stable with stalls for twenty horses.</p><br>
<h3>Remaining early outbuildings</h3><br>
<p>Some outbuildings remain from the time when the building was initially in operation: these are the servants&#39; quarters, a well-house, a smokehouse, and a carriage-house/outhouse.</p><br>
<p>The Benedict House and Shop is a historic property at 57 Rockwell Road in Ridgefield, Connecticut. Built in 1740, the connected house and shop are among the oldest surviving buildings in the community. The shop is a particularly rare example of a cobbler&#39;s workshop of the 19th century. They are further notable for the sympathetic restoration they underwent at the hands of architect Cass Gilbert. The property was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 4, 1998.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Benedict House and Shop stand southeast of Ridgefields town center, on a sloping lot overlooking Rockwell Road to the south. The house is a -story timber-frame structure, with a gabled roof and off-center chimney. The first floor of the facade is sheltered by a hip-roofed porch with square posts, with small (apparently original) fixed six-pane windows between the porch roof and main roof cornice. Attached to the left side of the house is the workshop, a single-story timber structure with gabled roof, which is set on a high foundation due to the steeply sloping terrain. The interior of the house is a modified center chimney plan, owing to the addition of the third bay during Cass Gilberts restoration.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1740 for a member of the Benedict family, who were among the first colonial settlers of the town. It is significant as a rare surviving example of a colonial artisan&#39;s workshop. Although the early residents of the house (all Benedicts) were apparently engaged in a variety of rural agricultural and business pursuits, several generations in the 19th century were cobblers. The property is one of four in Ridgefield that Cass Gilbert restored (the Keeler Tavern in the town center is another).</p><br>
<p>Mankin Mansion, also known as Brickworks or as Irvin Place, was built in 1924 as a home and showplace by and for Edward Thurston Mankin, a brick manufacturer. The architecture of the mansion, inside and out, and of walls, benches, and structures on the grounds, includes many features ingeniously implemented in brick.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s architecture is Georgian Revival, a subtype of Colonial Revival architecture. The house is featured in Foundations in Time II: More of Henrico’s Architectural Treasures, a Henrico County TV film available for viewing online. The mansion was saved from deterioration by its purchase by new owners who renovated it in 2004 and operate as a wedding and events venue.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. In 1993, the NRHP listing included five contributing buildings, one contributing site, and two contributing structures.</p><br>
<p>Tree Hill near Richmond, Virginia, in Henrico County, Virginia, is a Greek Revival style plantation house overlooking the James River about two miles east of downtown Richmond near the intersection of the historic Osborne Turnpike and New Market Road. Currently still a private farm, but expected to become partly a park after housing and commercial development, it was once owned by Richmond distiller and landowner Franklin Stearns, a prominent Unionist during the American Civil War. Centuries earlier, it had been a Native American camp site, and the birthplace of powerful chief Powhatan .</p><br>
<p>On the night of April 3, 1865, as Richmond burned due to fires set by evacuating Confederate forces, Richmond mayor Joseph C. Mayo traveled in a horse-drawn buggy along Main Street (which becomes the Osborne Turnpike) alongside the James River about a mile past Rockett&#39;s Landing, where he came upon Union cavalry encamped at Tree Hill (near the intersection with New Market Road toward Williamsburg). He delivered a note surrendering the city and requesting help restoring order and protecting people and property.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Tree Hill Farm has been occupied for more than two centuries, during the colonial era by the Chickahominy tribe of Native Americans. In 1778, Henrico County clerk (and future delegate in the Virginia General Assembly) Miles Selden of the Selden family purchased the property and by 1785 constructed a horse racing track, one of the first such in America. During his 1824 farewell tour of the former colonies he helped liberate, the Marquis de Lafayette visited the racecourse. His daughter Patsy and her husband William Roane inherited Tree Hill plantation in 1837.</p><br>
<p>In 1855, Franklin Stearns bought the plantation from the Roanes. Although a Unionist (and imprisoned as well as placed in house arrest various times during the American Civil War), Stearns allowed cattle belonging to the Confederate&#39;s Chimborazo Hospital to graze on the property, for which the Confederate government paid him. Union troops occupied the house in April 1865.</p><br>
<p>On the property&#39;s east side stood the Surrender Tree, a massive oak that reputedly marked the spot where Mayor Joseph C. Mayo surrendered the city of Richmond to Union forces on the night of April 2–3, 1865 by giving two Union majors a note telling the Union commander that the Confederates had evacuated and begging him to preserve order, as well as protect Women, children and property.</p><br>
<p>The Burlee family bought the farm from Stearns&#39; children in 1910, and successive generations kept it as a farm until recently. Tree Hill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. The listing included three contributing buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Current status</h2><br>
<p>A historical marker has commemorated the site since 2002, and in 2015 re-enactors and others marked the 150th anniversary of Richmonds surrender there. In 2014, Meg Ryan and Tom Hanks filmed Ithaca at the property. The oak fell during a severe thunderstorm in the summer of 2012. The property is now owned by Gray Land and Development Company, which secured permission to develop the site with as many as 2,770 homes and 1.1 million square feet of office space, conditioned upon restoration of the manor house and barn, as well as set-asides for a school, library and place to honor the areas Native American heritage.</p><br>
<p>The Belnord is a condominium building at 225 West 86th Street on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. The 13-story structure was designed by Hiss and Weekes in the Italian Renaissance Revival style and occupies the full block between Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue, and 86th and 87th Streets. It was built between 1908 and 1909 by a syndicate of investors as a rental apartment building. The Belnord is a New York City designated landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The building occupies a nearly rectangular site and has a limestone and brick facade, which is divided horizontally into three sections. On 86th Street, a pair of arches at the center of the facade lead to an internal courtyard with a garden, driveway, and entrances to the apartments. The Belnord contains six entrances, each of which lead to a different set of apartments, and originally had a mechanical plant in the basement, as well as amenities such as horse stables and storage rooms. The building originally had 175 apartments, which were designed in the Louis XVI style. The apartments generally had multiple rooms and faced both the courtyard and the street. By the 1940s, the building had 225 units; this was further increased to 231 condominium units by the late 2010s. The design of the apartments dates to a 2010s renovation by Robert A. M. Stern.</p><br>
<p>A group of investors acquired the site from the Hoyt family in 1908 and developed the Belnord there. When the building was completed in October 1909, it was characterized as the United States largest apartment building. The Belnord was sold multiple times in the 1920s before being acquired by the City Bank-Farmers Trust Company in 1935. The bank sold the building in 1945, and the Belnord fell into disrepair during the next several decades. Between the 1970s and 1990s, the tenants were involved in multiple disputes with then-owner Lillian Seril, and many residents refused to pay rent because of the Belnords poor condition. Property Markets Group and Gary Barnett bought the Belnord in 1994, and Barnett spent over $100 million on renovations. Barnett&#39;s Extell Development Company sold the apartments in 2015 to the HFZ Capital Group, which converted many apartments to condominium units starting in 2017.</p><br>
<h2>Site</h2><br>
<p>The Belnord is located at 225 West 86th Street on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. It occupies the entirety of a city block bounded by Broadway to the west, 87th Street to the north, Amsterdam Avenue to the east, and 86th Street to the south. The building is cited as having frontage of approximately 201 ft on Broadway and Amsterdam Avenue, 343 ft on 86th Street, and 328 ft on 87th Street. The site is variously cited as covering 64,614 ft2, the New York City Department of City Planning cites the plot as covering 67,674 ft2.</p><br>
<p>The building is opposite the West-Park Presbyterian Church to the east and St. Pauls Methodist Church to the west. An entrance to the New York City Subways 86th Street station, serving the, is directly outside the southwestern corner of the building. with its structure occupying about two-thirds of its site and a 22,000 ft2 center courtyard making up the balance.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Belnord was designed by H. Hobart Weekes of the architectural firm of Hiss and Weekes, and it was completed in 1909. It is 13 stories tall and features Italian Renaissance Revival style decorative elements. The architect boasted to The New York Times that it was the "largest apartment building in the country, and maybe the world." The George A. Fuller Company was the general contractor for the Belnord&#39;s construction.</p><br>
<h3>Form and facade</h3><br>
<p>The facade is divided horizontally into three sections: a five-story base, a seven-story shaft, and a one-story upper portion. The first three stories of the base have a rusticated limestone facade, above which is a horizontal band course. The fourth and fifth stories are clad with brick and are topped by another band course. The facade of the midsection is also made of brick, except at the corners, which contain vertically arranged quoins. The outermost bays are wider than the others on the facade and are flanked by the quoins. A third band course runs above the twelfth floor. The top story contains decorative panels between each window; above it is a cornice with dentils. The interior facade, facing the courtyard, is made of terracotta and brick.</p><br>
<h4>Entrances and courtyard</h4><br>
<p>The Belnord contains two entrances, one each on 86th and 87th Street, which lead to six residential lobbies. The main entrance is via two massive, double-height grand archways on 86th Street, which lead to an interior courtyard. There are keystones with cartouches above each archway. The undersides of the archways contain barrel-vaulted ceilings and multicolored frescoes, as well as three lanterns. The writer Elizabeth Hawes said the barrel vault "amounted to an architectural rite of passage", separating the enclosed courtyard from the wide-open cityscape.</p><br>
<p>The courtyard is one of the largest in the city and was, at the time of its construction, the largest interior court in the world. It measures 231 ft long and is either 94 ft Inside the courtyard are three landscaped gardens, Early 20th-century photographs of the courtyard indicate that it contained four small patches of grass with a skylight in the middle. Originally, there were six, with one on the north side of the courtyard and the other between the two driveways to the south.</p><br>
<p>The 87th Street side contained a 14 ft wide driveway When the building opened, all delivery vehicles were required to use it to keep freight traffic away from 86th Street, a major thoroughfare. Elevators carried freight from the service area to a vestibule just outside each room.</p><br>
<h3>Features</h3><br>
<h4>Mechanical features</h4><br>
<p>The basement accommodated dozens of mechanical staff. The Belnord originally had its own mechanical plant in the basement, which was placed directly beneath the courtyard to minimize vibrations within each apartment. The pump and engine room contained three generators, each with a total capacity of 1,060 hp. There was a coal bunker next to the boiler room. The refrigeration room contained an ice machine with a capacity of 25 tons, as well as a vacuum-cleaning system. An electric motor ventilated air from the basement; the apartments originally did not have a ventilation system.</p><br>
<p>The Belnord drew cold water from the New York City water supply system, which was then pumped up to the roof. The building initially contained 14 hydraulic elevators, of which eight were for freight and six were for passengers. The Belnord had the same number of passenger and freight elevators after its condominium conversion. There were also emergency staircases with fire hoses on each story.</p><br>
<p>The modern-day condominium building contains service rooms, such as mechanical, plumbing, and electrical rooms, in its two basements, ground level, and roof. Although the apartments formerly used window-mounted air conditioners, some of the apartments have been connected to the building&#39;s central air system.</p><br>
<h4>Amenities and common spaces</h4><br>
<p>Originally, each of the building&#39;s lobbies was 24 ft wide. two of the ground-level offices were part of duplex apartments with living spaces on the second floor. The roof contained private laundry rooms. There was a laundry room at each corner of the building; each laundry room had 36 washtubs, as well as a private dryer for each tenant.</p><br>
<p>After the 2010s renovation, the Belnord contained about 9,000 ft2 of amenities. These included dining areas and a private lounge for residents. The lounge contains several groups of seating, as well as a set of doors that can split the lounge into two spaces. The ground story contains mailboxes for each apartment, a small laundry room, and a playroom with an attached kitchen. There are also two bicycle storage rooms and a small fitness center. On the upper stories, the vestibules were clad with mosaic tiles. Many of the original design details were preserved in the 2010s renovation, including floor vestibules with mosaic tiles. Stern also installed black-and-white decorations within the public spaces, which were inspired by Dorothy Draper&#39;s original decorations for the Carlyle Hotel on the Upper East Side. These decorations included marble vestibules, white hallways, and black apartment doors.</p><br>
<h4>Residences</h4><br>
<p>The Belnord originally contained 175 or 176 rental apartments, each of which contained up to 11, 12, or 14 rooms. Each floor above the first-floor mezzanine typically contained 16 apartments. The building was initially divided into six sections, each with two to four apartments per floor; each section was served by its own set of elevators. By the 1940s, the servants&#39; rooms on the upper stories had been subdivided, and the Belnord contained 225 apartments. The first 95 condos, with two to five bedrooms each, were sold beginning in 2018.</p><br>
<p>Originally, servants rooms, bedrooms, and family rooms were generally separated. Each apartment was 50 ft deep, facing both the street and the courtyard. Many apartments had a library, dining room, and parlor. The bedrooms and servants rooms typically faced the courtyard, which was wider than the neighboring section of 86th Street. Family rooms such as living rooms, parlors, dining rooms, and kitchens faced the street. In general, each apartment was accessed by a large foyer. The foyer led to a parlor and dining room that were connected to one another. A kitchen, butlers pantry, and servants bedrooms were next to the dining room. Another corridor led perpendicularly from the foyer to the bedrooms. On average, each apartment had two to four bathrooms and two or three servants&#39; bedrooms. Each apartment also had large closets.</p><br>
<p>The apartments were decorated in the Louis XVI style. and there were radiators beneath each window. Each of the kitchens also contained custom-designed cooking ranges, a garbage chute, and two laundry tubs.</p><br>
<p>The renovated condominiums are generally larger than the rental apartments that they replaced. Stern removed many of the partition walls between the living rooms, dining rooms, and kitchens, creating open plan living spaces that generally face the street. The bedrooms, which were arranged to face the courtyard, mostly retain their original layouts. Multiple model apartments were created during the condo conversion, including an apartment by Rafael de Cárdenas with a contemporary design, as well as another unit by Anna Karlin with "a mix of vintage and custom-designed pieces".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the early 19th century, apartment developments in New York City were generally associated with the working class. By the late 19th century, apartments were also becoming desirable among the middle and upper classes. Between 1880 and 1885, more than 90 apartment buildings were developed in the city. The Belnord was one of several large luxury apartment buildings developed in New York City during the early 20th century. It was developed following the success of the Apthorp, another full-block apartment building with an interior courtyard, which had been built at 79th Street and Broadway in 1908.</p><br>
<h3>Development and early years</h3><br>
<p>The Hoyt family had acquired the site of the Belnord in the late 19th century, but the site remained vacant for 20 years. The Belnord Realty Company syndicate bought the block bounded by Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue, and 86th and 87th Streets from the Broadway and Eighty-sixth Street Company, a holding company for the Hoyt family, in July 1908. The syndicate was composed of numerous businessmen, and William Bradley & Son was hired to manufacture the building&#39;s limestone. In addition, John P. Kane Co. was hired to supply brick for the building. Excavation of the site began on September 18, 1908.</p><br>
<p>Hiss and Weekes submitted plans for the building in November 1908, at which point the building was to cost $1.8 million. The next month, a commissioner from the citys Tenement House Department approved plans for several of the buildings mechanical systems. Construction of the building&#39;s steel frame began on January 1, 1909.</p><br>
<p>The Belnord opened on October 1, 1909. The Belnord initially offered free electricity, refrigeration, and vacuum-cleaning services. It could be easily accessed from other parts of New York City through its proximity to the subway, the Ninth Avenue elevated line, and several streetcar routes. Because of its size, the Belnord employed a full-time staff of 100. By 1914, the Belnords annual rents ranged from $2,100 to $6,500 ($ to $ in ). Many of the Belnords early tenants were European Jews who had immigrated to the USA, as well as "unreconstructed Socialists and scores of psychoanalysts". According to a later New York Times article, the Belnord was the United States largest apartment building for about 15 years and may have been the worlds largest apartment building.</p><br>
<h3>1920s to early 1970s</h3><br>
<p>Max N. Natanson bought the building from Sherman Hoyt, the president of the Belnord Realty Company, in December 1921. At the time, the Belnord was valued at $4.5 million ($ in ). The Riverside Viaduct Realty Company took over the building in February 1922, although the Wood-Dolson Company remained as the buildings rental agent. A group of investors, headed by Anderson & Hurd, agreed to buy the Belnord from Newmark in February 1923, at which point the building was valued at $6 million ($ in ) and earned over $1 million ($ in ) per year in rent. The New York Times reported at the time that it was the largest single residential sale in New York City. The Farmers Loan and Trust Company, acting on behalf of Metropolitan Life, foreclosed on the buildings $3 million mortgage in May 1926, and Gould and Stein resold the building to Chauncey B. Kingsley the same month. The National City Bank of New York leased some of the buildings storefronts in 1928 and remodeled them into a bank branch.</p><br>
<p>The City Bank Farmers Trust Company, the successor to both National City Bank and Farmers Trust, refinanced the building in 1930, combining the buildings original $3 million mortgage with another loan of $400,000. By September 1935, City Bank Farmers Trust was foreclosing on the buildings mortgage loan to satisfy a $3.459 million debt. The foreclosure proceedings were delayed to May 1936, when the bank took over the building after bidding $3.4 million ($ in ) at a foreclosure auction. The 225 West 86th Street Corporation, controlled by City Bank Farmers Trust, owned the building for the next nine years. The bank began negotiating to sell the Belnord to a group of investors in November 1945. The new owners successfully petitioned a New York state judge to reduce the buildings valuation of $3.2 million by 20 percent in 1946.</p><br>
<p>Disputes between the buildings tenants and owners arose as early as 1954, when the owners converted the main entrance into a butchers shop and fenced off the inner courtyard. All of the Belnords 290 apartments were placed under rent control during the late 20th century, since the building had been erected before World War II. After New Yorks rent-regulation laws were modified in 1971, the Belnord joined the state&#39;s Rent Stabilization Association; this allowed its owners to convert rent-controlled apartments to higher-paying rent-stabilized units after existing tenants had moved out.</p><br>
<h3>Seril ownership</h3><br>
<h4>1970s</h4><br>
<p>Nathan Seril and his wife Lillian gained complete control of the Belnord in 1974, buying out their partners stakes. The Serils began demanding that tenants pay overdue rent, claiming that some tenants were illegally subleasing or renovating their apartments, while tenants alleged that the building suffered from numerous structural issues such as a leaky roof, crumbling ceilings, burst pipes, broken elevators, and unreliable water service. Two-thirds of the apartments were still rent-controlled, and typical monthly rents for these units were about $60 ($ in ) per room. This led the Serils son-in-law to say: "If you keep the rents in the building lower than they are in the South Bronx, how do you stop the property from running down?"</p><br>
<p>Disputes over the building began to peak in the late 1970s. The Belnord was expelled from the Rent Stabilization Association in 1976 after Lillian Seril failed to pay membership dues, so the rent-stabilized apartments became rent-controlled in 1979, and their rents were decreased by 30 to 50 percent. Several tenants recalled that they had to sneak refrigerators, kitchen tiles, and repairmen into the building in the middle of the night,</p><br>
<h4>1980s and early 1990s</h4><br>
<p>The Belnord was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. By late 1980, the New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD) was hearing "eight or nine" disputes between Seril and the buildings 225 tenants. City inspectors had cited the Belnord for 132 violations of city construction codes, and the building had accumulated $65,000 ($ in ) in unpaid bills and back taxes. The buildings roof, mechanical systems, and elevators needed major renovations; many of the apartments had leaks and collapsed ceilings; and the deck beneath the courtyard was in danger of collapsing. The HPD ruled in 1981 that Seril had harassed tenants and had failed to make necessary repairs.</p><br>
<p>Seril sued the rent-striking tenants in March 1983, claiming that they owed $7.5 million ($ in ); Tenants claimed that they had been withholding rent to pay for repairs. the next January, Evans ended the rent strike and ordered the buildings tenant association to pay Seril $1.2 million ($ in ). Serils lawyer claimed in 1984 that she had spent $70,000 on new elevators and $20,000 on additional changes, but residents said the building still suffered from other issues, including a huge crack on the facade. The HPD&#39;s commissioner refused to intervene, saying that he did not want a situation like the siege of Beirut, "where one or both parties are shooting at us".</p><br>
<p>Meanwhile, Seril continued to increase rents by up to 7.5 percent per year. A state judge ruled in March 1987 that rents for over 150 apartments had to be rolled back to 1980 rates,</p><br>
<h3>Property Markets Group and Extell ownership</h3><br>
<p>Ziel Feldman and Kevin Maloney of Property Markets Group (PMG), in conjunction with Gary Barnett, acquired the building in October 1994 for $15 million. This was equivalent to about $66,000 per apartment; The state government unfroze the rent after the new owners promised to spend $5 million on renovations; at the time, many tenants were paying as much rent as they had in 1979. To pay for the improvements, the owners raised tenants&#39; rents by up to 60 percent between 1994 and 1995. Tenants also withdrew all of their lawsuits against Seril, who retained a rent-controlled apartment at the Belnord until her death in 2004. The new owners agreed to limit rent increases for 115 tenants who were part of the Belnord Landmark Conservancy, although it did not negotiate any such rent cap for the other tenants.</p><br>
<p>PMG leased one of the storefronts to clothing store Banana Republic, Several tenants expressed concerns that the renovation would be disruptive and that the courtyard had recently been renovated. The Belnord also contained the first headquarters of Barnett&#39;s company Intell Development (later Extell). By the late 1990s, the newly renovated apartments were being rented for up to $13,500 per month.</p><br>
<p>Feldman sold his stake in the building in 2000. The Wall Street Journal reported in 2001 that Barnett had resold 40 units in total, including 15 units where he had bought out or traded with existing tenants. Many of the Belnord&#39;s remaining rent-regulated residents were elderly, which made the building a naturally occurring retirement community. The high concentration of elderly residents led to disputes over matters such as whether benches or a playground should be installed in the courtyard. After renovating the courtyard, he rented the basement to electronic store P. C. Richard & Son in 2003. Barnett leased 76 apartments to their respective tenants for 49 years in 2006; these residents agreed to annual rent increases of up to 5 percent, and they were restricted from bequeathing their apartments under certain conditions.</p><br>
<p>Barnett received a $375 million interest-only loan from UBS in late 2006, replacing a $182.6 million mortgage loan that had been placed on the building. The building still had 119 rent-controlled and 22 rent-stabilized apartments at the time of the loan. At the time, market-rate tenants typically paid $14,266 per month, while rent-regulated tenants only paid $1,154 per month. The loan was removed from special servicing in early 2012, after Barnett had made all overdue payments.</p><br>
<h3>Condominiums</h3><br>
<p>Barnett agreed to sell the residential portion of the building in late 2014 to his former partner Ziel Feldman. this equated to about $2.64 million per apartment. Extell retained ownership of the buildings storefronts and refinanced them in July 2015 with a $100 million loan. HFZ planned to convert the apartments into condominiums and submitted a condominium offering plan to the New York Attorney Generals office in April 2016. The offering plan indicated that the units would be sold for a total price of $1.35 billion, making it the second-most-expensive condominium development on the Upper West Side (after 15 Central Park West) and one of the most expensive in New York City.</p><br>
<p>HFZ hired architect Robert A. M. Stern in April 2017 to renovate these apartments, and the firm also hired Rafael de Cárdenas to design common amenity spaces within the building. The attorney general&#39;s office permitted HFZ to begin selling condominiums in August 2017. Westbrook Partners acquired a minority stake in the project in March 2018, paying $660 million. The partners obtained a $300 million loan from Wells Fargo that May. The first units were placed for sale in June 2018. The renovated units cost between $3.6 million and $11 million, although some existing residents paid a significantly discounted price for their apartments.</p><br>
<p>Westbrook had taken over the project by early 2021, at which point HFZ held a minority equity stake. At the time, HFZ was the subject of several lawsuits, and its debt was increasing. although HFZ had denied any connection with Steinmetz as late as 2020. By late 2022, the condos sponsors had sold 80 percent of the units. Much of the Belnords retail space remained vacant,</p><br>
<h2>Notable residents</h2><br>
<p>Notable residents have included:</p><br>
<p>Sophie Braslau, opera singer</p><br>
<p>Bruce Davidson, photographer</p><br>
<p>Lillian Genth, artist</p><br>
<p>Art D&#39;Lugoff, jazz impresario</p><br>
<p>Alexander Lambert, piano teacher</p><br>
<p>Walter Matthau, actor</p><br>
<p>Marilyn Monroe, actress</p><br>
<p>Zero Mostel, actor</p><br>
<p>Ona Munson, actress</p><br>
<p>Isaac Bashevis Singer, writer</p><br>
<p>Richard Stengel, journalist</p><br>
<p>Alexis Stewart, television host and radio personality</p><br>
<p>Martha Stewart, businesswoman</p><br>
<p>Lee Strasberg, acting teacher</p><br>
<p>Percival Wilde, playwright</p><br>
<h2>Impact</h2><br>
<p>The New York Times wrote in 2022 that, "From the get-go, the Belnord was a newsmaker—an edifice of excess, a home for hyperbole." The New-York Tribune wrote that the Belnord was one of several apartment houses "where the seeker after a distinctive home finds the rarest of city home combinations—a perfect apartment and the charm of a beautiful garden spot". Lucy Cleveland wrote for Domestic Engineering, "Superbly have they illustrated in stone, in the Belnord, the idea of a complete and secluded home within the aggregated loftiness of walls that spread to east, to west, to north, to south, and whose Mycenaean massiveness indeed proclaims Defendam !"</p><br>
<p>Paul Goldberger, writing about the Belnord and the nearby Apthorp and Astor Court in 1979, said: "All of the buildings share the liability of courtyard apartment houses, which is poor light in all too many of the units, but they also share the ability of all good courtyard buildings to create far more than conventional buildings could a sense of a private, secure world." Christopher Gray wrote in 1987 that the Belnord, along with the Ansonia and the Apthorp, "gave a cosmopolitan electricity to" the section of Broadway north of 59th Street. A reporter for The New York Times wrote in 1997 that the Belnord was among "the pantheon of luxurious residences on the Upper West Side". According to Robert A. M. Stern, the Belnord "adds class to the neighborhood—an immeasurable amount of class", which influenced the style in which he renovated the condos.</p><br>
<p>In the 2020s comedic murder mystery series Only Murders in the Building, the Belnord was used as a filming location for exterior shots of the fictional Arconia Building. Interior shots for the show were filmed on a soundstage.</p><br>
<p>The Reynolds Metals Company International Headquarters is an International Style building complex set in a composed landscape in Henrico County, near Richmond, Virginia, completed in 1958. The low-rise Executive Office Building was designed by Gordon Bunshaft of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, in collaboration with Richmond landscape architect Charles F. Gillette. The headquarters complex has been cited as a prototype for modern suburban office development. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. The property is owned by the University of Richmond.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The headquarters complex is set on a 121 acre site outside of Richmond, once a horse farm, that is now surrounded by suburban development. The Donovan Farm, also known as the "Horse Pen", gave its name to nearby Horsepen Road. The original site comprised the General Office Building (now the Executive Office Building), its podium, a service building and a greenhouse, as well as screened parking areas, formal gardens and a reflecting pool.</p><br>
<p>The principal element of the Reynolds headquarters complex is the Executive Office Building. Intended as a showcase for the products of the Reynolds Metals Company, the Executive Office Building incorporated aluminum, the companys principal product, wherever possible, principally in the buildings exterior cladding, but even in interior furnishings and finishes, where carpets and draperies incorporated aluminum fibers.</p><br>
<p>The three-story building rests on an elevated podium. The lowest level appears as an open loggia with slender aluminum-clad columns. Windows span from slab to slab at all three levels, more deeply inset at the first level to reveal the columns. An interior courtyard illuminates interior spaces. Deep fixed overhangs on the south shade the windows from the sun, and are matched by non-functional overhangs on the north side. The east and west elevations feature bright blue adjustable aluminum louvers for sun control. The louvers are motorized to provide daylighting without direct glare.</p><br>
<h3>Use of aluminum</h3><br>
<p>The Executive Office Building uses a total of 1,235,800 lb of aluminum, 400,000 lb in the exterior cladding. The building retains much of its original furniture, such as built-in aluminum file cabinets, and other original furnishings are in use or in storage. Furniture was designed by Eero Saarinen, Florence Knoll, and Hans Wegner. The carpet and draperies are woven with aluminum thread.</p><br>
<h3>Other structures</h3><br>
<p>The four-story 1968 General Office Building, while sympathetic to the Executive Office Building, is not considered a contributing structure to the National Register property, nor are the 1978 Information Services Building and other support structures.</p><br>
<p>The Byram School is a historic former school building, located between Sherman Avenue and Western Junior Highway in Greenwich, Connecticut. Completed in 1926, it is a well-preserved example of institutional Colonial Revival architecture, enhanced by a parklike setting. It was used as a school until 1978, and was then converted to senior housing. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 2, 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Byram School is located in westernmost Greenwich, set on a knoll near the Byram River. The property is bounded on the northwest by United States Route 1, from which it is not visible, by town-owned family housing to its north, and by town athletic facilities to the south, from which it is separated by a stand of mature trees where a war memorial is located. It is a large brick building with load-bearing masonry walls built out of brick with limestone trim. Colonial Revival features include brick corner quoining, a cornice studded with modillion blocks, and a fully pedimented gable above the main building entrance, in which there is a round window topped by a garland. The entrance is flanked by engaged Corinthian columns and topped by an elaborate scrolled pediment.</p><br>
<p>The school was designed by Errol Coffin, a local architect, and was completed in 1926, replacing an older wood-frame structure located across US 1 from this site. It is a well-preserved example of institutional Colonial Revival architecture. Originally rectangular in shape, it was extended by an addition in 1936 by an unknown architect. In the 1960s, much of its interior decorative material was removed as part of renovations to modernize the building for code. It served as an elementary school until 1978, and was converted to senior housing in 1987–89.</p><br>
<p>Meadow Farm is a historic farm and estate in Henrico County, Virginia. It is best known for its role in Gabriel&#39;s Revolution.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Doctor John Mosby Sheppard, son of Mosby Sheppard, later purchased the estate. John Sheppard&#39;s grandson, General Sheppard Crump, was the last of the Sheppard family to live at Meadow Farm. After Sheppard Crump passed away, his widow lived in the house until eventually donating the property to Henrico County.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The main dwelling at Meadow Farm is a story-and-a-half frame house. The house is a well preserved farm house of its time and important interior details survive such as the stairs and banisters, mantels, baseboards, and floors. The house has a gabled roof with exterior end chimneys. There is Greek Revival porch on the house which dates to the 1840s. Later additions were made to the house, such as a shed wing and a large two-story wing on the rear.</p><br>
<h2>Meadow Farm Museum</h2><br>
<p>The historic area and museum presents programs and exhibits on the history of Henrico County, Central Virginia, and cultures impacted at Meadow Farm. The buildings include the farmhouse, barn, doctor&#39;s office, tobacco barn, smokehouse, and springhouse.</p><br>
<p>The museum is featured in "Welcome to the Meadow Farm Museum", a 10-minute Henrico County TV film available for viewing online.</p><br>
<p>The Marion Castle, also known as Terre Bonne, is located at 1 Rogers Road in the Shippan Point section of Stamford, Connecticut. It was built in 1914 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 1, 1982.</p><br>
<p>Marion Castle was built, owned and occupied by the family of Frank Marion until his death in 1963. The home was designed by the noted New York City-based architectural firm of Hunt & Hunt, which was owned at the time by Joseph Howland Hunt and Richard Howland Hunt. Marion Castle was designed in the style of a French chateau completed in either 1914 (according to an October 2, 2005, New York Times article) or 1916 ("completed in 1916", according to a July 2006 article in New Canaan/Darien Magazine). Frank J. Marion was a movie industry pioneer who with partners in the Kalem Company produced one-reelers shown at nickelodeons and later silent films. Since 1998 the pile has been owned and occupied by Thomas L. Rich, a Stamford real estate developer well known in the area. Rich has allowed the usage of the home extensively for non-profit community events.</p><br>
<p>The Old Town Hall is located in the Downtown section of Stamford, Connecticut. It is located at the southwest corner of Main and Atlantic Streets, occupying a portion of a triangular block bounded on the south by Bank Street. The rest of the block is occupied by the modern portion of Stamford&#39;s city hall. The building is an elegant Beaux Arts structure, designed by the New York City architectural firm of Mellon and Jossely; it was designed in 1905.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Old Town Hall has five levels across three stories. Designed in the Beaux-Arts style, it is known for its architecture grandeur. It has a limestone facade Notable interior design elements include oak trim, terrazzo flooring, decorative plasterwork, dual staircases with iron railwork, and murals in some rooms.</p><br>
<p>The building is located at the intersection of Atlantic, Bank and Main streets. It sits close to the Stamford Town Center shopping mall, as well as Veterans Memorial Park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>An earlier Stamford Town Hall had been constructed in 1871 and destroyed in a fire in 1904. To replace it, the City of Stamford (which then had about 19,000 inhabitants) commissioned a new town hall, designed by architects Edgar Josselyn and Nathan Mellen. Designed in 1905, the building opened in 1906.</p><br>
<p>In the post-war era, the growing city began to outgrow the building, and city agencies and offices began to leave the building for other structures. It ceased to be the seat of city government in 1963. In the 1980s it was abandoned. Although the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 2, 1972, it remained unused for 25 years. Various adaptive reuse and redevelopment proposals were considered, but did not come to fruition. These included proposals in the late 1980s to turn the Old Town Hall into an arts center (the Hartford Atheneum declined an opportunity to establish the Old Town Hall as a branch museum) and proposals in the late 1990s to develop a 13-story hotel atop the Old Town Hall.</p><br>
<p>In 2001, the city began a renovation project, partly funded by state grants. The City of Stamford established the Old Town Hall Redevelopment Agency in 2006 to oversee three limited-liability corporations to whom ownership of the building was transferred as part of the project. The renovation was completed in 2010. The cost of the renovation, has been variously cited at $16 million or $20 million. This redevelopment agency operated independently from the city, and was dissolved in 2015, in anticipation of the City&#39;s resumption of management of the Old Town Hall.</p><br>
<p>In 2012, after the renovation, the Stamford Innovation Center opened in the building.</p><br>
